SARS-CoV-2;
COVID-19;
age-group of children;
age-group of adolescents;
VOCs;
Delta;
Omicron;
vaccines;
vaccine effectiveness;
public health;
SARS-COV-2;
INFECTION;
D O I:
10.3390/vaccines10081362
中图分类号:
R392 [医学免疫学];
Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号:
100102 ;
摘要:
Even if most of the complications due to COVID-19 are observed in the elderly, in Italy the impact of COVID-19 among young people has not been negligible. Furthermore, their contribution to SARS-CoV-2 circulation is still unclear. These reasons have driven policy makers to involve subjects aged 5 to 17 years in the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. However, the trade-off of vaccinating this age-group should be further investigated, especially in view of the rise of new immunologically evasive variants of concern (VOCs). We used regional databases to retrospectively estimate vaccine effectiveness over time of each approved vaccination schedule among children (5-11) and adolescents (12-17). Our findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccines were highly effective and their protection levels lasted longer during a period of Delta variant predominance, whereas they offered just mild to moderate levels of protection-apparently affected by a rapid waning effect-in a period of Omicron variant predominance. Considering these results, it is plausible to evaluate a reformulation of possible future COVID-19 vaccination campaigns among underage subjects. However, effectiveness against serious complications due to COVID-19, as well as indirect benefits of underage vaccinations, should first be addressed. Furthermore, vaccine effectiveness should be kept monitored, as new VOCs may arise, but also new adapted vaccines may start being administered.
机构:
Steve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Steve Biko Acad Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Pretoria, South Africa
Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Abdullah, F.
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Myers, J.
Basu, D.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
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Univ Pretoria, Dept Publ Hlth Med, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Basu, D.
Tintinger, G.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Steve Biko Acad Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Pretoria, South Africa
Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Tintinger, G.
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Ueckermann, V
Mathebula, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
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Steve Biko Acad Hosp, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Mathebula, M.
Ramlall, R.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tshwane Dist Hosp, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Ramlall, R.
Spoor, S.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tshwane Dist Hosp, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Spoor, S.
de Villiers, T.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tshwane Dist Hosp, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
de Villiers, T.
Van der Walt, Z.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tshwane Dist Hosp, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Van der Walt, Z.
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Cloete, J.
Soma-Pillay, P.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
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Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Steve Biko Acad Hosp, Dept Obstet, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Soma-Pillay, P.
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Rheeder, P.
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Paruk, F.
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Engelbrecht, A.
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Lalloo, V
Myburg, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Steve Biko Acad Hosp, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Myburg, M.
Kistan, J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Pretoria, Dept Publ Hlth Med, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Kistan, J.
van Hougenhouck-Tulleken, W.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Steve Biko Acad Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Pretoria, South Africa
Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
van Hougenhouck-Tulleken, W.
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Boswell, M. T.
Gray, G.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Gray, G.
Welch, R.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Welch, R.
Blumberg, L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa
Right to Care, Houghton, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Blumberg, L.
Jassat, W.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
机构:
Taif Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, At Taif, Saudi ArabiaTaif Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, At Taif, Saudi Arabia
Almalki, Ohoud S.
Alfayez, Osamah M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Qassim Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, Qasim, Saudi ArabiaTaif Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, At Taif, Saudi Arabia
Alfayez, Osamah M.
Al Yami, Majed S.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
King Saud Bin Abdulaziz Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaTaif Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, At Taif, Saudi Arabia
Al Yami, Majed S.
Asiri, Yousif A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
King Saud Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Clin Pharm, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaTaif Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, At Taif, Saudi Arabia
Asiri, Yousif A.
Almohammed, Omar A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
King Saud Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Clin Pharm, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
King Saud Univ, Coll Pharm, Pharmacoecon Res Unit, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaTaif Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, At Taif, Saudi Arabia
机构:
Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USAMichigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
Chen, Jiahui
Wang, Rui
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USAMichigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
Wang, Rui
Gilby, Nancy Benovich
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Spartan Innovat, E Lansing, MI 48823 USAMichigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
Gilby, Nancy Benovich
Wei, Guo-Wei
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USAMichigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
机构:
Steve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Steve Biko Acad Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Pretoria, South Africa
Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Abdullah, F.
论文数: 引用数:
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机构:
Myers, J.
Basu, D.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Pretoria, Dept Publ Hlth Med, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Basu, D.
Tintinger, G.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Steve Biko Acad Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Pretoria, South Africa
Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Tintinger, G.
论文数: 引用数:
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机构:
Ueckermann, V
Mathebula, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Steve Biko Acad Hosp, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Mathebula, M.
Ramlall, R.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tshwane Dist Hosp, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Ramlall, R.
Spoor, S.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tshwane Dist Hosp, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Spoor, S.
de Villiers, T.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tshwane Dist Hosp, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
de Villiers, T.
Van der Walt, Z.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tshwane Dist Hosp, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Van der Walt, Z.
论文数: 引用数:
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机构:
Cloete, J.
Soma-Pillay, P.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Steve Biko Acad Hosp, Dept Obstet, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Soma-Pillay, P.
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Rheeder, P.
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机构:
Paruk, F.
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机构:
Engelbrecht, A.
论文数: 引用数:
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机构:
Lalloo, V
Myburg, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Steve Biko Acad Hosp, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Myburg, M.
Kistan, J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Pretoria, Dept Publ Hlth Med, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Kistan, J.
van Hougenhouck-Tulleken, W.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Steve Biko Acad Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Pretoria, South Africa
Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
van Hougenhouck-Tulleken, W.
论文数: 引用数:
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机构:
Boswell, M. T.
Gray, G.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Gray, G.
Welch, R.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Welch, R.
Blumberg, L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa
Right to Care, Houghton, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
Blumberg, L.
Jassat, W.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South AfricaSteve Biko Acad Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Pretoria, South Africa
机构:
Taif Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, At Taif, Saudi ArabiaTaif Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, At Taif, Saudi Arabia
Almalki, Ohoud S.
Alfayez, Osamah M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Qassim Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, Qasim, Saudi ArabiaTaif Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, At Taif, Saudi Arabia
Alfayez, Osamah M.
Al Yami, Majed S.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
King Saud Bin Abdulaziz Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaTaif Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, At Taif, Saudi Arabia
Al Yami, Majed S.
Asiri, Yousif A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
King Saud Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Clin Pharm, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaTaif Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, At Taif, Saudi Arabia
Asiri, Yousif A.
Almohammed, Omar A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
King Saud Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Clin Pharm, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
King Saud Univ, Coll Pharm, Pharmacoecon Res Unit, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaTaif Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, At Taif, Saudi Arabia
机构:
Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USAMichigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
Chen, Jiahui
Wang, Rui
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USAMichigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
Wang, Rui
Gilby, Nancy Benovich
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Spartan Innovat, E Lansing, MI 48823 USAMichigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
Gilby, Nancy Benovich
Wei, Guo-Wei
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USAMichigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA