Rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterus in an adult patient with osteopetrosis: a case report

Background Uterine sarcoma accounts for 3-7% of uterine malignant neoplasms. It is more aggressive than epithelial neoplasms, and patients have a poor prognosis. Rhabdomyosarcoma is classified as a heterologous uterine sarcoma. It is the most common soft tissue malignancy in children while rare in adults. In young patients, the majority of genital tract rhabdomyosarcomas occur in vagina; however, the most common site of gynecologic rhabdomyosarcoma is cervix followed by uterine corpus, in adults. Uterine corpus rhabdomyosarcoma is rare in adults. Diagnosis of pure rhabdomyosarcoma in uterus involves widespread and perfect sampling as well as precise histopathological evaluation to uncover any epithelial component. Case presentation Here we report a case of pure rhabdomyosarcoma of uterine corpus in a 60-year-old Iranian postmenopausal female who had osteopetrosis, presenting with 8-month heavy vaginal bleeding and a protruding cervical mass. She is alive on 18-month follow-up after treatment. Conclusions Rhabdomyosarcoma of uterine corpus is rare in adults. Diagnosis of pure rhabdomyosarcoma in uterus involves widespread and perfect sampling as well as precise histopathological evaluation to uncover any epithelial component. Treatment options in adult gynecological rhabdomyosarcoma are based on studies in younger patients, and more studies may help us choose the best approach for improving outcome.