[1] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Rubber Technol & Polymer Sci, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
[2] Univ Sumatera Utara, Dept Chem Engn, Fac Engn, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
[3] Univ Sumatera Utara, Fac Engn, Sustainable Energy & Biomat Ctr Excellence, Medan 20155, Indonesia
[4] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Mat & Mineral Resources Engn, Engn Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia