Tailoring porous structure, reducibility and Mn4+ fraction of ε-MnO2 microcubes for the complete oxidation of toluene

3D architectures porous epsilon-type manganese dioxide (epsilon-MnO2 ) microcubes (PEMD) are successfully prepared by a glucose-urea-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of MnCO3-carbon composites followed by annealing. It turns out that urea essentially assists in building the cubic shape while glucose plays a crucial role to form carbon inside the microcrystals, which are latterly removed by annealing to generate the porous structure. As a result, epsilon-MnO2 materials possessing extraordinary features including the high porosity, reducibility, lattice oxygen reactivity and Mn4+ fraction, are feasible tailored. These unique properties, all together, significantly improve the catalytic performances of complete oxidation of toluene. Thus, it is found that the optimal catalyst (manganeseglucose-urea ratio of 6-2-6) synthesized at 180 degrees C exhibits an excellent activity for the complete oxidation of toluene (T-90 = 243 degrees C, lower 10 degrees C than that of pristine epsilon-MnO2 ) and stability up to 10 h.