Metro design and heritage sustainability: conflict analysis using attitude based on options in the graph model

The historical megacities act as a catalyst for sustainable economic development. But the rampant urbanization and demand for the development of mass-transit infrastructure have put pressure on natural environment and heritage scape. Collaborative urban planning is essential especially in culturally and archaeologically rich cities. Megaprojects such as mass-transit systems, especially in developing countries, normally are encouraged for political point scoring. But the choices of the mod of mass-transit systems, their route selection, design and vertical alignment may have a devastating impact on cultural and historical heritage leading to serious conflicts during execution of mass-transit plans. This study employs system engineering decision analysis techniques to resolve urban planning issues of heritage sustainability while analysing metro-heritage conflict in Lahore. Realizing the fact that the attitude(s) of the Decision Makers (DMs) play important role in the decision-decision making, the authors use the attitudes of the DMs based on options in Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR) to resolve the metro-heritage conflict.