A review of the frequency and nature of adaptations to cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with Intellectual Disabilities

Background There is increasing evidence that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can be effective for people with intellectual disabilities. The aim of this review was to report the nature and frequency of adaptations reported in studies of CBT for people with intellectual disabilities. Method This review updated and extended a previous review by (Whitehouse et al. 2006, J Appl Res Intellect Disabil, 19, 55), which used a framework of adaptations developed by (Hurley et al., 1998, J Dev Phys Disabil, 10, 365). Adaptations included simplification, language, activities, developmental level, use of directive style, flexible methods, involve caregivers, transference/countertransference and disability/rehabilitation approaches. A search identified peer-reviewed papers that reported individual CBT informed psychological interventions for people with an Intellectual Disability. Results The search identified 23 studies which met the inclusion criteria for review. Studies reported the majority of the categories of adaptation described by (Hurley et al., 1998, J Dev Phys Disabil, 10, 365). Conclusions The results suggest that the framework of adaptations needs further development to increase sensitivity in identifying and categorizing adaptations of CBT. Increased, systematic reporting of adaptations to studies of CBT with people with intellectual disabilities is recommended.