Planning Just-in-Time versus planning Just-in-Case

In this paper we introduce a distinction between two forms of planning: Just-in-Case planning versus Just-in-Time planning. The first refers to the traditional mode of planning as currently practiced in most urban and regional planning agencies, whereas the second, is what planning in a self-organizing system might be. The key notion behind this distinction is Just-in-Time-a method of production and management that marks the current transformation from 20th century Fordism to 21st century post-Fordism. In our paper we relate this distinction to the Israeli planning experience and suggest preliminary principles for a new, Just-in-Time, planning approach. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.