Simultaneous T1-weighted and T2-weighted 3D MRI using RF phase-modulated gradient echo imaging

Purpose T-1-weighted and T-2-weighted (T1w and T2w) imaging are essential sequences in routine clinical practice to detect and characterize a wide variety of pathologies. Many approaches have been proposed to obtain T1w and T2w contrast, although many challenges still remain, including long acquisition time and limitations that favor 2D imaging. In this study, we propose a novel method for simultaneous T1w and T2w imaging using RF phase-modulated 3D gradient-echo imaging. Theory Configuration theory is used to derive closed-form equations for the steady state of RF phase-modulated gradient-echo signal. These equations suggest the use of small RF phase increments to provide orthogonal signal contrast with T2w and T1w in the real and imaginary components, respectively. Background phase can be removed using a two-pass acquisition with opposite RF phase increments. Methods Simulation and phantom experiments were performed to validate our proposed method. Volunteer images of the brain and knee were acquired to demonstrate the clinical feasibility. The proposed method was compared with T1w and T2w fast spin-echo imaging. Results The relative signal intensity of images acquired using the proposed method agreed closely with simulations and fast spin-echo imaging in phantoms. Images from volunteer imaging showed very similar contrast compared to conventional fast spin-echo imaging. Conclusion Radiofrequency phase-modulated gradient-echo with small RF phase increments is an alternative method that provides simultaneous T1w and T2w contrast in short scan times with 3D volumetric coverage.