Vitamin D Immune-Mediated Responses and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical Implications in COVID-19

被引:1
作者
Gotelli, Emanuele
Paolino, Sabrina
Soldano, Stefano
Cutolo, Maurizio [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Genoa, IRCCS San Martino Polyclin, Lab Expt Rheumatol, I-16132 Genoa, Italy
来源
IMMUNO | 2022年 / 2卷 / 01期
关键词
vitamin D; neuroendocrine immunology; coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19); innate immunity; adaptive immunity; D ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; D-RECEPTOR; INVOLVEMENT; INFLAMMATION; MODULATION; EXPRESSION; MORTALITY; DISEASES; PROTEIN; CELLS;
D O I
10.3390/immuno2010001
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Active vitamin D is a true steroid hormone with pleiotropic biological effects that go beyond the classical concept of bone metabolism regulation. In fact, adequate serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (>40 ng/mL) are required to support several biological functions, including the control of innate and adaptive immunity in course of infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic and deficient/insufficient serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are reported in very large cohorts of patients. Of note, vitamin D is involved in different pathophysiological processes, such as expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor (ACE2), activation of innate (neutrophils with their extracellular traps, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells) and adaptive (T and B lymphocytes) immune cells and clinical manifestations, such as coagulation/thrombotic disorders and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Randomized clinical trials regarding vitamin D supplementation in COVID-19 patients have shown favorable effects on the control of inflammation markers, arterial oxygen saturation/inspired fraction of oxygen ratio, admission to hospital intensive care units and mortality. A target of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D > 50 ng/mL has been identified as protective for the course of COVID-19, potentially playing an ancillary role in the treatment of the disease.
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页码:1 / 12
页数:12
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