The potency of education programs for management of blood pressure through increasing self-efficacy of hypertensive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To identify the effect of self-management education programs on the changes of self-efficacy and the management of blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Trip database, Proquest, and Embase were searched. Trials that had examined the effect of self-management education programs on self-efficacy, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in hypertensive patients were selected. Results: Fourteen studies with 2239 participants were analyzed. Self-management education programs led to a statistically-significant increase in the self-efficacy of the participants (SMD: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.34-1.07; I-2 = 94%; P <0.001), as well as significant decrease in SBP (MD: -5.37 mmHg; 95% CI: -8.53 to -2.22; P <0.001) and DBP (MD: -3.87 mmHg, 95% CI: -5.84 to -1.90; P <0.001) compared to control groups. Conclusion: The findings indicated that self-management education programs can promote self-efficacy in hypertensive patients, possibly contributing to better management of BP. Practice implications: Adoption of the self-management education program provides a basic concept to improve both quality and efficacy of strategies related to BP management. Policy makers should focus on improving self-efficacy via the implementation of policies useful for better educational outcomes concerning new technologies as well as appropriate theoretical methods. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.