Stimulus-Triggered Formation of an Anion-Cation Exciplex in Copper(I) Complexes as a Mechanism for Mechanochromic Phosphorescence

The investigation of the mechanisms of mechanochromic luminescence is of fundamental importance for the development of materials for photonic sensors, data storage, and luminescence switches. The structural origin of this phenomenon in phosphorescent molecular systems is rarely known and thus the formulation of structure-property relationships remains challenging. Changes in the M-M interactions have been proposed as the main mechanism with d(10) coinage metal compounds. Herein, we describe a new mechanisma mechanically induced reversible formation of a cation-anion exciplex based on Cu-F interactionsthat leads to highly efficient mechanochromic phosphorescence and unusual large emission shifts from UV-blue to yellow for Cu-I complexes. The low-energy luminescence is thermo- and vaporesponsive, thus allowing the generation of white light as well as for recovering the original UV-blue emission.