Historical review: a short history of German neurology - from its origins to the 1940s

被引：0

作者：

Karenberg, A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Fangerau, H. ^{[3
,4
]}

Steinmetz, H. ^{[5
]}

Berlit, P. ^{[6
]}

Grond, M. ^{[6
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Cologne, Fac Med, Joseph Stelzmann Str 20, D-50931 Cologne, Germany

[2] Univ Hosp Cologne, Inst Hist Med & Med Eth, Joseph Stelzmann Str 20, D-50931 Cologne, Germany

[3] Med Fac, Inst Hist Philosophy & Eth Med, Moorenstr 5, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany

[4] Univ Hosp Duesseldorf, Moorenstr 5, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany

[5] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, Schleusenweg 2-16, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany

[6] German Soc Neurol, Reinhardtstr 27 c, D-10117 Berlin, Germany

来源：

NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH AND PRACTICE | 2019年 / 1卷 / 01期

关键词：

Neurology; history; Specialization; Germany; National socialism; CLINICAL NEUROLOGY; CHAIR;

D O I：

10.1186/s42466-019-0019-z

中图分类号：

R74 [神经病学与精神病学];

学科分类号：

摘要：

This paper aims at reconstructing the development and role of German neurology between 1840 and 1940. Therefore a couple of original sources as well as selected material form the scattered secondary literature were assessed and reviewed. Since the middle of the nineteenth century, an intricate process of separation from internal medicine and psychiatry gradually led to forming a self-conscious community of German neurologists. While Moritz Heinrich Romberg had constructed a cognitive basis for neurology, scientific founders such as Wilhelm Erb, Carl Wernicke, Alois Alzheimer, Hermann Oppenheim, Max Nonne, and many others established the new discipline within modern medicine. In 1891, the first generation of "pure" neurologists succeeded in founding the German Journal for Neurology (Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Nervenheilkunde) followed by an autonomous professional organisation, the Society of German Neurologists (Gesellschaft Deutscher Nervenarzte) in 1907. A variety of external factors, however, hampered the institutional evolution and thus the implementation of chairs and departments remained quite modest. In 1935, only 2 years after the National Socialists had seized power, the regulatory merger with the psychiatrists' society caused the cautious attempts of German neurologists for autonomy to end in complete failure. The imprisonment, murder and expulsion of neuroscientists declared as Jewish or non-Aryan caused profound changes in neurology, medicine, academic life, and health care in general. Further historical research is needed to reconstruct in detail the involvement of German neurologists in racial-hygienic and eugenic research as well as the institutional and scientific development of German neurology after World War II.

引用

页数：6