Hierarchically Structured One-Dimensional TiO2 for Protein Immobilization, Direct Electrochemistry, and Mediator-Free Glucose Sensing

A novel one-dimensional hierarchically structured TiO2 (1DHS TiO2) was synthesized by a solvothermal method using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). as a template and evaluated for the immobilization of protein and biosensing applications. Characterization studies showed that the 1DHS TiO2 possessed an anatase crystalline structure and a large surface area with narrow pore size distribution. Fast direct electron transfer was observed for glucose oxidase (GOx) Immobilized on the 1DHS TiO2, and excellent electrocatalytic performance for glucose detection can be obtained without a mediator. The glucose sensor based on the GOx/1DHS TiO2-modified electrode had a high sensitivity of 9.90 mu A mM(-1) cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 1.29 mu M. The fabricated biosensor displayed good selectivity and long-term stability, indicating that the novel structured TiO2 Is a promising material for the immobilization of biomolecules and the fabrication of third-generation biosensors.