Relationship Between Burnout, Professional Behaviors, and Cost-Conscious Attitudes Among US Physicians

Background Despite the importance of professionalism, little is known about how burnout relates to professionalism among practicing physicians. Objective To evaluate the relationship between burnout and professional behaviors and cost-conscious attitudes. Design and Participants Cross-sectional study in a national sample of physicians of whom a fourth received a sub-survey with items exploring professional behaviors and cost-conscious attitudes. Responders who were not in practice or in select specialties were excluded. Measures Maslach Burnout Inventory and items on professional behaviors and cost-conscious attitudes. Key Results Among those who received the sub-survey 1008/1224 (82.3%) responded, and 801 were eligible for inclusion. Up to one third of participants reported engaging in unprofessional behaviors related to administrative aspects of patient care in the last year, such as documenting something they did not do to close an encounter in the medical record (243/759, 32.0%). Fewer physicians reported other dishonest behavior (e.g., claiming unearned continuing medical education credit; 40/815, 4.9%). Most physicians endorsed cost-conscious attitudes with over 75% (618/821) agreeing physicians have a responsibility to try to control health-care costs and 62.9% (512/814) agreeing that cost to society is important in their care decisions regarding use of an intervention. On multivariable analysis adjusting for personal and professional characteristics, burnout was independently associated with reporting 1 or more unprofessional behaviors (OR 2.01, 95%CI 1.47-2.73, p < 0.0001) and having less favorable cost-conscious attitudes (difference on 6-24 scale - 0.90, 95%CI - 1.44 to - 0.35, p = 0.001). Conclusions Professional burnout is associated with self-reported unprofessional behaviors and less favorable cost-conscious attitudes among physicians.