Structure dependent selective efficacy of pyridine and pyrrole based Cu(II) Schiff base complexes towards in vitro cytotoxicity, apoptosis and DNA-bases binding in ground and excited state

This work highlights a systematic and comparative study of the structure-dependent influence of a series of biologically active Cu(II) Schiff base complexes (CSCs) on their in vitro cytotoxicity, apoptosis and binding with polymeric DNA-bases in ground and photo-excited states. The structure-activity relationship of the closely resembled CSCs towards in vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis against cervical cancerous HeLa and normal human diploid WI-38 cell lines has been investigated by KIT assay and FACS techniques respectively. The steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic studies have also been carried out to explore the selective binding affinities of the potential complexes towards different polymeric nucleic acid bases (poly d(A), poly d(T), poly d(G), poly d(C), Poly d(G)-Poly d(C)), which enlighten the knowledge regarding their ability in controlling the structure and medium dependent interactions in 'ground' and 'excited' states. The pyridine containing water soluble complexes (CuL1 and CuL3) are much more cytotoxic than the corresponding pyrrole counterparts (CuL2 and CuL4). Moreover the acidic hydrogens in CuL1 increase its cytotoxicity much more than methyl substitution as in CuL3. The results of MTT assay and double staining FACS experiments indicate selective inhibition of cell growth (cell viability 39% (HeLa) versus 85% (WI-38)) and occurrence of apoptosis rather than necrosis. The ground state binding of CuL1 with polymeric DNA bases, especially with guanine rich DNA (K-b = 6.41 +/- 0.122 x 10(5)), that enhances its cytotoxic activity, is further confirmed from its binding isotherms. On the other hand the pyrrole substituted CuL4 complex exhibits the structure and medium dependent selective electron-transfer in triplet state as observed in laser flash photolysis studies followed by magnetic field (MF) effect. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.