TIMESCALES IN HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS

被引：3

作者：

Lisa, Mike A. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 191 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

来源：

ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B | 2016年 / 47卷 / 07期

关键词：

QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; BOSE-EINSTEIN CORRELATIONS; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; INTERFEROMETRY; FEMTOSCOPY; PHYSICS;

D O I：

10.5506/APhysPolB.47.1847

中图分类号：

O4 [物理学];

学科分类号：

0702 ;

摘要：

The study of high-energy collisions between heavy nuclei is a field unto itself, distinct from nuclear and particle physics. A defining aspect of heavy-ion physics is the importance of a bulk, self-interacting system with a rich space-time substructure. I focus on the issue of timescales in heavy-ion collisions, starting with proof from low-energy collisions that femtoscopy can, indeed, measure very long timescales. I then discuss the relativistic case, where detailed measurements over three orders of magnitude in energy reveal a timescale increase that might be due to a first-order phase transition. I discuss also consistency in evolution timescales as determined from traditional longitudinal sizes and a novel analysis using shape information.

引用

页码：1846 / 1865

页数：20

共 34 条

[1] Centrality dependence of pion freeze-out radii in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV
Adam, J.
Adamova, D.
Aggarwal, M. M.
Rinella, G. Aglieri
Agnello, M.
Agrawal, N.
Ahammed, Z.
Ahn, S. U.
Aimo, I.
Aiola, S.
Ajaz, M.
Akindinov, A.
Alam, S. N.
Aleksandrov, D.
Alessandro, B.
Alexandre, D.
Molina, R. Alfaro
Alici, A.
Alkin, A.
Almaraz, J. R. M.
Alme, J.
Alt, T.
Altinpinar, S.
Altsybeev, I.
Prado, C. Alves Garcia
Andrei, C.
Andronic, A.
Anguelov, V.
Anielski, J.
Anticic, T.
Antinori, F.
Antonioli, P.
Aphecetche, L.
Appelshaeuser, H.
Arcelli, S.
Armesto, N.
Arnaldi, R.
Arsene, I. C.
Arslandok, M.
Audurier, B.
Augustinus, A.
Averbeck, R.
Azmi, M. D.
Bach, M.
Badala, A.
Baek, Y. W.
Bagnasco, S.
Bailhache, R.
Bala, R.
Baldisseri, A.
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW C, 2016, 93 (02)
[2] Beam-energy-dependent two-pion interferometry and the freeze-out eccentricity of pions measured in heavy ion collisions at the STAR detector
Adamczyk, L.
Adkins, J. K.
Agakishiev, G.
Aggarwal, M. M.
Ahammed, Z.
Alekseev, I.
Alford, J.
Anson, C. D.
Aparin, A.
Arkhipkin, D.
Aschenauer, E. C.
Averichev, G. S.
Banerjee, A.
Beavis, D. R.
Bellwied, R.
Bhasin, A.
Bhati, A. K.
Bhattarai, P.
Bichsel, H.
Bielcik, J.
Bielcikova, J.
Bland, L. C.
Bordyuzhin, I. G.
Borowski, W.
Bouchet, J.
Brandin, A. V.
Brovko, S. G.
Bueltmann, S.
Bunzarov, I.
Burton, T. P.
Butterworth, J.
Caines, H.
Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca
Cebra, D.
Cendejas, R.
Cervantes, M. C.
Chaloupka, P.
Chang, Z.
Chattopadhyay, S.
Chen, H. F.
Chen, J. H.
Chen, L.
Cheng, J.
Cherney, M.
Chikanian, A.
Christie, W.
Chwastowski, J.
Codrington, M. J. M.
Contin, G.
Cramer, J. G.
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW C, 2015, 92 (01)
[3] Beam-Energy Dependence of the Directed Flow of Protons, Antiprotons, and Pions in Au plus Au Collisions
Adamczyk, L.
Adkins, J. K.
Agakishiev, G.
Aggarwal, M. M.
Ahammed, Z.
Alekseev, I.
Alford, J.
Anson, C. D.
Aparin, A.
Arkhipkin, D.
Aschenauer, E. C.
Averichev, G. S.
Banerjee, A.
Beavis, D. R.
Bellwied, R.
Bhasin, A.
Bhati, A. K.
Bhattarai, P.
Bichsel, H.
Bielcik, J.
Bielcikova, J.
Bland, L. C.
Bordyuzhin, I. G.
Borowski, W.
Bouchet, J.
Brandin, A. V.
Brovko, S. G.
Bueltmann, S.
Bunzarov, I.
Burton, T. P.
Butterworth, J.
Caines, H.
Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca
Cebra, D.
Cendejas, R.
Cervantes, M. C.
Chaloupka, P.
Chang, Z.
Chattopadhyay, S.
Chen, H. F.
Chen, J. H.
Chen, L.
Cheng, J.
Cherney, M.
Chikanian, A.
Christie, W.
Chwastowski, J.
Codrington, M. J. M.
Contin, G.
Cramer, J. G.
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2014, 112 (16)
[4] Energy Dependence of Moments of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
Adamczyk, L.
Adkins, J. K.
Agakishiev, G.
Aggarwal, M. M.
Ahammed, Z.
Alekseev, I.
Alford, J.
Anson, C. D.
Aparin, A.
Arkhipkin, D.
Aschenauer, E. C.
Averichev, G. S.
Balewski, J.
Banerjee, A.
Bamovska, Z.
Beavis, D. R.
Bellwied, R.
Bhasin, A.
Bhati, A. K.
Bhattarai, P.
Bichsel, H.
Bielcik, J.
Bielcikova, J.
Bland, L. C.
Bordyuzhin, I. G.
Borowski, W.
Bouchet, J.
Brandin, A. V.
Brovko, S. G.
Bueltmann, S.
Bunzarov, I.
Burton, T. P.
Butterworth, J.
Caines, H.
de la Barca Sanchez, M. Calderon
Cebra, D.
Cendejas, R.
Cervantes, M. C.
Chaloupka, P.
Chang, Z.
Chattopadhyay, S.
Chen, H. E.
Chen, J. H.
Chen, L.
Cheng, J.
Chemey, M.
Chikanian, A.
Christie, W.
Chwastowski, J.
Codrington, M. J. M.
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2014, 112 (03)
[5] Azimuthal dependence of pion source radii in Pb plus Au collisions at 158A GeV/c
Adamova, D.
Agakichiev, G.
Andronic, A.
Antonczyk, D.
Appelshaeuser, H.
Belaga, V.
Bielcikova, J.
Braun-Munzinger, P.
Busch, O.
Cherlin, A.
Damjanovic, S.
Dietel, T.
Dietrich, L.
Drees, A.
Dubitzky, W.
Esumi, S. I.
Filimonov, K.
Fomenko, K.
Fraenkel, Z.
Garabatos, C.
Glaessel, P.
Hering, G.
Holeczek, J.
Kalisky, M.
Kniege, S.
Kushpil, V.
Maas, A.
Marin, A.
Milosevic, J.
Miskowiec, D.
Ortega, R.
Panebrattsev, Y.
Petchenova, O.
Petracek, V.
Ploskon, M.
Radomski, S.
Rak, J.
Ravinovich, I.
Rehak, P.
Sako, H.
Schmitz, W.
Schuchmann, S.
Schukraft, J.
Sedykh, S.
Shimansky, S.
Soualah, R.
Stachel, J.
Sumbera, M.
Tilsner, H.
Tserruya, I.
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW C, 2008, 78 (06):
[6] Azimuthally sensitive hanbury brown-twiss interferometry in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV -: art. no. 012301
Adams, J
Adler, C
Aggarwal, MM
Ahammed, Z
Amonett, J
Anderson, BD
Arkhipkin, D
Averichev, GS
Badyal, SK
Balewski, J
Barannikova, O
Barnby, LS
Baudot, J
Bekele, S
Belaga, VV
Bellwied, R
Berger, J
Bezverkhny, BI
Bhardwaj, S
Bhati, AK
Bichsel, H
Billmeier, A
Bland, LC
Blyth, CO
Bonner, BE
Botje, M
Boucham, A
Brandin, A
Bravar, A
Cadman, RV
Cai, XZ
Caines, H
Sánchez, MCD
Carroll, J
Castillo, J
Cebra, D
Chaloupka, P
Chattopadhyay, S
Chen, HF
Chen, Y
Chernenko, SP
Cherney, M
Chikanian, A
Christie, W
Coffin, JP
Cormier, TM
Cramer, JG
Crawford, HJ
Das, D
Das, S
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2004, 93 (01) : 012301 - 1
[7] Pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV -: art. no. 044906
Adams, J
Aggarwal, MM
Ahammed, Z
Amonett, J
Anderson, BD
Arkhipkin, D
Averichev, GS
Badyal, SK
Bai, Y
Balewski, J
Barannikova, O
Barnby, LS
Baudot, J
Bekele, S
Belaga, VV
Bellwied, R
Berger, J
Bezverkhny, BI
Bharadwaj, S
Bhasin, A
Bhati, AK
Bhatia, VS
Bichsel, H
Billmeier, A
Bland, LC
Blyth, CO
Bonner, BE
Botje, M
Boucham, A
Brandin, AV
Bravar, A
Bystersky, M
Cadman, RV
Cai, XZ
Caines, H
Sánchez, MCD
Castillo, J
Cebra, D
Chajecki, Z
Chaloupka, P
Chattopadhyay, S
Chen, HF
Chen, Y
Cheng, J
Cherney, M
Chikanian, A
Christie, W
Coffin, JP
Cormier, TM
Cramer, JG
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW C, 2005, 71 (04):
[8] Systematic study of charged-pion and kaon femtoscopy in Au plus Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV
Adare, A.
Afanasiev, S.
Aidala, C.
Ajitanand, N. N.
Akiba, Y.
Al-Bataineh, H.
Alexander, J.
Alfred, M.
Aoki, K.
Apadula, N.
Aramaki, Y.
Asano, H.
Atomssa, E. T.
Averbeck, R.
Awes, T. C.
Azmoun, B.
Babintsev, V.
Bai, M.
Baksay, G.
Baksay, L.
Bandara, N. S.
Bannier, B.
Barish, K. N.
Bassalleck, B.
Basye, A. T.
Bathe, S.
Baublis, V.
Baumann, C.
Bazilevsky, A.
Beaumier, M.
Beckman, S.
Belikov, S.
Belmont, R.
Bennett, R.
Berdnikov, A.
Berdnikov, Y.
Bickley, A. A.
Blau, D. S.
Bok, J. S.
Boyle, K.
Brooks, M. L.
Bryslawskyj, J.
Buesching, H.
Bumazhnov, V.
Bunce, G.
Butsyk, S.
Camacho, C. M.
Campbell, S.
Chen, C. -H.
Chi, C. Y.
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW C, 2015, 92 (03)
[9] Azimuthal-Angle Dependence of Charged-Pion-Interferometry Measurements with Respect to Second- and Third-Order Event Planes in Au plus Au Collisions at √SNN=200 GeV
Adare, A.
Afanasiev, S.
Aidala, C.
Ajitanand, N. N.
Akiba, Y.
Al-Bataineh, H.
Alexander, J.
Aoki, K.
Aramaki, Y.
Atomssa, E. T.
Averbeck, R.
Awes, T. C.
Azmoun, B.
Babintsev, V.
Bai, M.
Baksay, G.
Baksay, L.
Barish, K. N.
Bassalleck, B.
Basye, A. T.
Bathe, S.
Baublis, V.
Baumann, C.
Bazilevsky, A.
Belikov, S.
Belmont, R.
Bennett, R.
Berdnikov, A.
Berdnikov, Y.
Bickley, A. A.
Bok, J. S.
Boyle, K.
Brooks, M. L.
Buesching, H.
Bumazhnov, V.
Bunce, G.
Butsyk, S.
Camacho, C. M.
Campbell, S.
Chen, C. -H.
Chi, C. Y.
Chiu, M.
Choi, I. J.
Choudhury, R. K.
Christiansen, P.
Chujo, T.
Chung, P.
Chvala, O.
Cianciolo, V.
Citron, Z.
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2014, 112 (22)
[10] Adare A., ARXIV14102559NUCLEX

← 1 2 3 4 →

共 34 条

[1] Centrality dependence of pion freeze-out radii in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV
Adam, J.
Adamova, D.
Aggarwal, M. M.
Rinella, G. Aglieri
Agnello, M.
Agrawal, N.
Ahammed, Z.
Ahn, S. U.
Aimo, I.
Aiola, S.
Ajaz, M.
Akindinov, A.
Alam, S. N.
Aleksandrov, D.
Alessandro, B.
Alexandre, D.
Molina, R. Alfaro
Alici, A.
Alkin, A.
Almaraz, J. R. M.
Alme, J.
Alt, T.
Altinpinar, S.
Altsybeev, I.
Prado, C. Alves Garcia
Andrei, C.
Andronic, A.
Anguelov, V.
Anielski, J.
Anticic, T.
Antinori, F.
Antonioli, P.
Aphecetche, L.
Appelshaeuser, H.
Arcelli, S.
Armesto, N.
Arnaldi, R.
Arsene, I. C.
Arslandok, M.
Audurier, B.
Augustinus, A.
Averbeck, R.
Azmi, M. D.
Bach, M.
Badala, A.
Baek, Y. W.
Bagnasco, S.
Bailhache, R.
Bala, R.
Baldisseri, A.
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW C, 2016, 93 (02)
[2] Beam-energy-dependent two-pion interferometry and the freeze-out eccentricity of pions measured in heavy ion collisions at the STAR detector
Adamczyk, L.
Adkins, J. K.
Agakishiev, G.
Aggarwal, M. M.
Ahammed, Z.
Alekseev, I.
Alford, J.
Anson, C. D.
Aparin, A.
Arkhipkin, D.
Aschenauer, E. C.
Averichev, G. S.
Banerjee, A.
Beavis, D. R.
Bellwied, R.
Bhasin, A.
Bhati, A. K.
Bhattarai, P.
Bichsel, H.
Bielcik, J.
Bielcikova, J.
Bland, L. C.
Bordyuzhin, I. G.
Borowski, W.
Bouchet, J.
Brandin, A. V.
Brovko, S. G.
Bueltmann, S.
Bunzarov, I.
Burton, T. P.
Butterworth, J.
Caines, H.
Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca
Cebra, D.
Cendejas, R.
Cervantes, M. C.
Chaloupka, P.
Chang, Z.
Chattopadhyay, S.
Chen, H. F.
Chen, J. H.
Chen, L.
Cheng, J.
Cherney, M.
Chikanian, A.
Christie, W.
Chwastowski, J.
Codrington, M. J. M.
Contin, G.
Cramer, J. G.
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW C, 2015, 92 (01)
[3] Beam-Energy Dependence of the Directed Flow of Protons, Antiprotons, and Pions in Au plus Au Collisions
Adamczyk, L.
Adkins, J. K.
Agakishiev, G.
Aggarwal, M. M.
Ahammed, Z.
Alekseev, I.
Alford, J.
Anson, C. D.
Aparin, A.
Arkhipkin, D.
Aschenauer, E. C.
Averichev, G. S.
Banerjee, A.
Beavis, D. R.
Bellwied, R.
Bhasin, A.
Bhati, A. K.
Bhattarai, P.
Bichsel, H.
Bielcik, J.
Bielcikova, J.
Bland, L. C.
Bordyuzhin, I. G.
Borowski, W.
Bouchet, J.
Brandin, A. V.
Brovko, S. G.
Bueltmann, S.
Bunzarov, I.
Burton, T. P.
Butterworth, J.
Caines, H.
Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca
Cebra, D.
Cendejas, R.
Cervantes, M. C.
Chaloupka, P.
Chang, Z.
Chattopadhyay, S.
Chen, H. F.
Chen, J. H.
Chen, L.
Cheng, J.
Cherney, M.
Chikanian, A.
Christie, W.
Chwastowski, J.
Codrington, M. J. M.
Contin, G.
Cramer, J. G.
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2014, 112 (16)
[4] Energy Dependence of Moments of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
Adamczyk, L.
Adkins, J. K.
Agakishiev, G.
Aggarwal, M. M.
Ahammed, Z.
Alekseev, I.
Alford, J.
Anson, C. D.
Aparin, A.
Arkhipkin, D.
Aschenauer, E. C.
Averichev, G. S.
Balewski, J.
Banerjee, A.
Bamovska, Z.
Beavis, D. R.
Bellwied, R.
Bhasin, A.
Bhati, A. K.
Bhattarai, P.
Bichsel, H.
Bielcik, J.
Bielcikova, J.
Bland, L. C.
Bordyuzhin, I. G.
Borowski, W.
Bouchet, J.
Brandin, A. V.
Brovko, S. G.
Bueltmann, S.
Bunzarov, I.
Burton, T. P.
Butterworth, J.
Caines, H.
de la Barca Sanchez, M. Calderon
Cebra, D.
Cendejas, R.
Cervantes, M. C.
Chaloupka, P.
Chang, Z.
Chattopadhyay, S.
Chen, H. E.
Chen, J. H.
Chen, L.
Cheng, J.
Chemey, M.
Chikanian, A.
Christie, W.
Chwastowski, J.
Codrington, M. J. M.
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2014, 112 (03)
[5] Azimuthal dependence of pion source radii in Pb plus Au collisions at 158A GeV/c
Adamova, D.
Agakichiev, G.
Andronic, A.
Antonczyk, D.
Appelshaeuser, H.
Belaga, V.
Bielcikova, J.
Braun-Munzinger, P.
Busch, O.
Cherlin, A.
Damjanovic, S.
Dietel, T.
Dietrich, L.
Drees, A.
Dubitzky, W.
Esumi, S. I.
Filimonov, K.
Fomenko, K.
Fraenkel, Z.
Garabatos, C.
Glaessel, P.
Hering, G.
Holeczek, J.
Kalisky, M.
Kniege, S.
Kushpil, V.
Maas, A.
Marin, A.
Milosevic, J.
Miskowiec, D.
Ortega, R.
Panebrattsev, Y.
Petchenova, O.
Petracek, V.
Ploskon, M.
Radomski, S.
Rak, J.
Ravinovich, I.
Rehak, P.
Sako, H.
Schmitz, W.
Schuchmann, S.
Schukraft, J.
Sedykh, S.
Shimansky, S.
Soualah, R.
Stachel, J.
Sumbera, M.
Tilsner, H.
Tserruya, I.
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW C, 2008, 78 (06):
[6] Azimuthally sensitive hanbury brown-twiss interferometry in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV -: art. no. 012301
Adams, J
Adler, C
Aggarwal, MM
Ahammed, Z
Amonett, J
Anderson, BD
Arkhipkin, D
Averichev, GS
Badyal, SK
Balewski, J
Barannikova, O
Barnby, LS
Baudot, J
Bekele, S
Belaga, VV
Bellwied, R
Berger, J
Bezverkhny, BI
Bhardwaj, S
Bhati, AK
Bichsel, H
Billmeier, A
Bland, LC
Blyth, CO
Bonner, BE
Botje, M
Boucham, A
Brandin, A
Bravar, A
Cadman, RV
Cai, XZ
Caines, H
Sánchez, MCD
Carroll, J
Castillo, J
Cebra, D
Chaloupka, P
Chattopadhyay, S
Chen, HF
Chen, Y
Chernenko, SP
Cherney, M
Chikanian, A
Christie, W
Coffin, JP
Cormier, TM
Cramer, JG
Crawford, HJ
Das, D
Das, S
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2004, 93 (01) : 012301 - 1
[7] Pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV -: art. no. 044906
Adams, J
Aggarwal, MM
Ahammed, Z
Amonett, J
Anderson, BD
Arkhipkin, D
Averichev, GS
Badyal, SK
Bai, Y
Balewski, J
Barannikova, O
Barnby, LS
Baudot, J
Bekele, S
Belaga, VV
Bellwied, R
Berger, J
Bezverkhny, BI
Bharadwaj, S
Bhasin, A
Bhati, AK
Bhatia, VS
Bichsel, H
Billmeier, A
Bland, LC
Blyth, CO
Bonner, BE
Botje, M
Boucham, A
Brandin, AV
Bravar, A
Bystersky, M
Cadman, RV
Cai, XZ
Caines, H
Sánchez, MCD
Castillo, J
Cebra, D
Chajecki, Z
Chaloupka, P
Chattopadhyay, S
Chen, HF
Chen, Y
Cheng, J
Cherney, M
Chikanian, A
Christie, W
Coffin, JP
Cormier, TM
Cramer, JG
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW C, 2005, 71 (04):
[8] Systematic study of charged-pion and kaon femtoscopy in Au plus Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV
Adare, A.
Afanasiev, S.
Aidala, C.
Ajitanand, N. N.
Akiba, Y.
Al-Bataineh, H.
Alexander, J.
Alfred, M.
Aoki, K.
Apadula, N.
Aramaki, Y.
Asano, H.
Atomssa, E. T.
Averbeck, R.
Awes, T. C.
Azmoun, B.
Babintsev, V.
Bai, M.
Baksay, G.
Baksay, L.
Bandara, N. S.
Bannier, B.
Barish, K. N.
Bassalleck, B.
Basye, A. T.
Bathe, S.
Baublis, V.
Baumann, C.
Bazilevsky, A.
Beaumier, M.
Beckman, S.
Belikov, S.
Belmont, R.
Bennett, R.
Berdnikov, A.
Berdnikov, Y.
Bickley, A. A.
Blau, D. S.
Bok, J. S.
Boyle, K.
Brooks, M. L.
Bryslawskyj, J.
Buesching, H.
Bumazhnov, V.
Bunce, G.
Butsyk, S.
Camacho, C. M.
Campbell, S.
Chen, C. -H.
Chi, C. Y.
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW C, 2015, 92 (03)
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