Particle speciation of emissions from iso-butanol and ethanol blended gasoline in light-duty vehicles

被引：17

作者：

Short, Daniel ^{[1
,2
]}

Vu, Diep ^{[1
,2
]}

Durbin, Thomas D. ^{[1
,2
]}

Karavalakis, Georgios ^{[1
,2
]}

Asa-Awuku, Akua ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA

[2] Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA

来源：

JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE | 2015年 / 84卷

基金：

美国国家环境保护局;

关键词：

Particulate matter; Water-soluble organic carbon; Particle water-insolubility; Black carbon; Gasoline direct injection; Port fuel injection; PARTICULATE MATTER; PM EMISSIONS; BLACK CARBON; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; DIESEL; AEROSOLS; NUCLEUS; GROWTH; DAMAGE; SIZE;

D O I：

10.1016/j.jaerosci.2015.02.010

中图分类号：

TQ [化学工业];

学科分类号：

0817 ;

摘要：

Vehicular emissions of Particulate Matter (PM) will change under different driving conditions and as higher levels of alternative fuels are blended with gasoline. In particular, the chemical composition and water-soluble components of PM below 2.5 mu m can be modified. In this study, three light-duty Port-Fuel Injection (PFI) and two Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) vehicles were tested. All vehicles were tested over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP), Unified Cycle (UC), and at steady-state speeds (30, 50, and 70 mph) while operating on various ethanol and iso-butanol gasoline blends. The chemical and physical properties of the aerosol composition were measured via online/offline methods. Black carbon (BC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and droplet surface tension were measured. Water-Insoluble Mass (WIM) fractions were estimated from online size distribution measurements. Results show that the PFI vehicles, fuel composition and testing conditions (transient versus steady-state) impact PM emissions. GDI vehicles emit more PM and twice as much BC compared to PFI vehicles. Older PFI vehicles also produce more particles and BC emissions than newer vehicles. For three of the five vehicles, as speed increased, the WIM fraction increased. The results show vehicle operating conditions (steady-state or transient) can greatly impact the average composition of particles regardless of fuel composition. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：39 / 52

页数：14

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