Descriptive and comparative study of cardiovascular risk factors and physical activity in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Aim: To analyse several cardiovascular risk factors by means of the physical activity performed by patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Design: Cross-sectional study. Location: Cardiovascular prevention service (Health Department, Valencia, Spain). Participants: The study included 401 individuals with acute coronary syndrome and discharged from hospital 2-3 months before the assessment. The inclusion criteria included age between 30 and 80 years-old, no contraindication for physical activity, and no previous participation in cardiac rehabilitation programmes. Main measurements: Metabolic equivalent MET (Kcal/Kg) was calculated, based on the type of activity, frequency, duration and intensity. Participants were divided into two groups: sedentary group (< 10 METs/week) and physically active group (>= 10 METs/week). Several variables associated with cardiovascular risk factors were assessed: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, Lipid profile, blood glucose, and arterial pressure. Results: The mean consumption was 8.24 +/- 12.5 METs/week. Prevalent factors were overweight (77.05%), and dyslipidaemia (64.3%), whilst 64.8% were sedentary. The physically active group showed differences when compared to sedentary group in triglycerides (146.53 +/- 72.8 vs. 166.94 +/- 104.8 mg/dL; 95% CI; P=.031), and BMI (27.65 +/- 3.86 vs. 28.50 +/- 4.38 kg/m(2); 95% CI; P=.045). Conclusion: Physical activity was performed by a limited number of patients with ACS, with a prevalence of overweight and dyslipidaemia. Being physically active improved triglycerides levels and BMI. Therefore, health promotion from Primary Care and encouraging physical activity amongst patients with ACS is crucial. (C) 2017 Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.