Competition among native and invasive Phragmites australis populations: An experimental test of the effects of invasion status, genome size, and ploidy level

被引:21
作者
Pysek, Petr [1 ,2 ]
Cuda, Jan [1 ]
Smilauer, Petr [3 ]
Skalova, Hana [1 ]
Chumova, Zuzana [4 ,5 ]
Lambertini, Carla [6 ]
Lucanova, Magdalena [4 ,7 ]
Rysava, Hana [5 ]
Travnicek, Pavel [4 ]
Semberova, Kristyna [4 ,5 ]
Meyerson, Laura A. [8 ]
机构
[1] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Dept Invas Ecol, CZ-25243 Pruhonice, Czech Republic
[2] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Ecol, Fac Sci, Prague, Czech Republic
[3] Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Dept Ecosyst Biol, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
[4] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Dept Evolutionary Biol Plants, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
[5] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Bot, Fac Sci, Prague, Czech Republic
[6] Univ Bologna, Dept Agr & Food Sci, Bologna, Italy
[7] Univ South Bohemia, Dept Bot, Fac Sci, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
[8] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA
来源
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION | 2020年 / 10卷 / 03期
关键词
common reed; Europe; genome size; intraspecific competition; native populations; North America; plant invasion; ploidy level; NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; PLANT INVASIVENESS; MULTIPLE INTRODUCTIONS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SPECIES TRAITS; COMMON REED; EVOLUTION; MECHANISMS; EXPANSION; LINEAGES;
D O I
10.1002/ece3.5907
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Among the traits whose relevance for plant invasions has recently been suggested are genome size (the amount of nuclear DNA) and ploidy level. So far, research on the role of genome size in invasiveness has been mostly based on indirect evidence by comparing species with different genome sizes, but how karyological traits influence competition at the intraspecific level remains unknown. We addressed these questions in a common-garden experiment evaluating the outcome of direct intraspecific competition among 20 populations of Phragmites australis, represented by clones collected in North America and Europe, and differing in their status (native and invasive), genome size (small and large), and ploidy levels (tetraploid, hexaploid, or octoploid). Each clone was planted in competition with one of the others in all possible combinations with three replicates in 45-L pots. Upon harvest, the identity of 21 shoots sampled per pot was revealed by flow cytometry and DNA analysis. Differences in performance were examined using relative proportions of shoots of each clone, ratios of their aboveground biomass, and relative yield total (RYT). The performance of the clones in competition primarily depended on the clone status (native vs. invasive). Measured in terms of shoot number or aboveground biomass, the strongest signal observed was that North American native clones always lost in competition to the other two groups. In addition, North American native clones were suppressed by European natives to a similar degree as by North American invasives. North American invasive clones had the largest average shoot biomass, but only by a limited, nonsignificant difference due to genome size. There was no effect of ploidy on competition. Since the North American invaders of European origin are able to outcompete the native North American clones, we suggest that their high competitiveness acts as an important driver in the early stages of their invasion.
引用
收藏
页码:1106 / 1118
页数:13
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