ANISOTROPY IN COSMIC-RAY ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE BASED ON SIX YEARS OF DATA FROM THE ICECUBE DETECTOR

被引：87

作者：

Aartsen, M. G. ^{[1
]}

Abraham, K. ^{[2
]}

Ackermann, M. ^{[3
]}

Adams, J. ^{[1
]}

Aguilar, J. A. ^{[4
]}

Ahlers, M. ^{[5
,6
]}

Ahrens, M. ^{[7
,8
]}

Altmann, D. ^{[9
]}

Anderson, T. ^{[10
]}

Ansseau, I. ^{[4
]}

Anton, G. ^{[9
]}

Archinger, M. ^{[11
]}

Arguelles, C. ^{[12
]}

Arlen, T. C. ^{[10
]}

Auffenberg, J. ^{[13
]}

Bai, X. ^{[14
]}

Barwick, S. W. ^{[15
]}

Baum, V. ^{[11
]}

Bay, R. ^{[16
]}

Beatty, J. J. ^{[17
,18
,19
]}

Tjus, J. Becker ^{[20
]}

Becker, K. -H. ^{[21
]}

Beiser, E. ^{[5
,6
]}

BenZvi, S. ^{[22
]}

Berghaus, P. ^{[3
]}

Berley, D. ^{[23
]}

Bernardini, E. ^{[3
]}

Bernhard, A. ^{[2
]}

Besson, D. Z. ^{[24
]}

Binder, G. ^{[16
,25
]}

Bindig, D. ^{[21
]}

Bissok, M. ^{[13
]}

Blaufuss, E. ^{[23
]}

Blumenthal, J. ^{[13
]}

Boersma, D. J. ^{[26
]}

Bohm, C. ^{[7
,8
]}

Boerner, M. ^{[27
]}

Bos, F. ^{[20
]}

Bose, D. ^{[28
]}

Boeser, S. ^{[11
]}

Botner, O. ^{[26
]}

Braun, J. ^{[5
,6
]}

Brayeur, L. ^{[29
]}

Bretz, H. -P. ^{[3
]}

Buzinsky, N. ^{[30
]}

Casey, J. ^{[31
,32
]}

Casier, M. ^{[29
]}

Cheung, E. ^{[23
]}

Chirkin, D. ^{[5
,6
]}

Christov, A. ^{[33
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia

[2] Tech Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[3] DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany

[4] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[5] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[6] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[7] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[8] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[9] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany

[10] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[11] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany

[12] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[13] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

[14] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Phys, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA

[15] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA

[16] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[17] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[18] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[19] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 174 W 18Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[20] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany

[21] Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany

[22] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA

[23] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[24] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA

[25] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[26] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden

[27] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany

[28] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea

[29] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[30] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada

[31] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[32] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[33] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland

[34] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada

[35] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[36] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA

[37] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[38] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[39] Univ Ghent, Dept Phys & Astron, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

[40] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

[41] Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA

[42] Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan

[43] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[44] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

[45] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan

[46] Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA

[47] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA

[48] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA

[49] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium

[50] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2016年 / 826卷 / 02期

基金：

新加坡国家研究基金会; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 瑞典研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会; 澳大利亚研究理事会; 瑞士国家科学基金会;

关键词：

astroparticle physics; cosmic rays; AIR-SHOWER ARRAY; LARGE-SCALE ANISOTROPY; UNUSUAL SOLAR MINIMUM; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SIDEREAL ANISOTROPY; ANGULAR SCALES; TEV; HELIOSPHERE; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT;

D O I：

10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/220

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory accumulated a total of 318 billion cosmic-ray-induced muon events between 2009 May and 2015 May. This data set was used for a detailed analysis of the sidereal anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays in the TeV to PeV energy range. The observed global sidereal anisotropy features large regions of relative excess and deficit, with amplitudes of the order of 10(-3) up to about 100 TeV. A decomposition of the arrival direction distribution into spherical harmonics shows that most of the power is contained in the low-multipole (l <= 4) moments. However, higher multipole components are found to be statistically significant down to an angular scale of less than 10 degrees, approaching the angular resolution of the detector. Above 100 TeV, a change in the morphology of the arrival direction distribution is observed, and the anisotropy is characterized by a wide relative deficit whose amplitude increases with primary energy up to at least 5 PeV, the highest energies currently accessible to IceCube. No time dependence of the large-and small-scale structures is observed in the period of six years covered by this analysis. The high-statistics data set reveals more details of the properties of the anisotropy and is potentially able to shed light on the various physical processes that are responsible for the complex angular structure and energy evolution.

引用

页数：17

共 80 条

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