Efficient Distributed Computations with DIRAC

High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments at the LHC collider at CERN were among the first scientific communities with very high computing requirements. Nowadays, researchers in other scientific domains are in need of similar computational power and storage capacity. Solution for the HEP experiments was found in the form of computational grid - distributed computing infrastructure integrating large number of computing centers based on commodity hardware. These infrastructures are very well suited for High Throughput applications used for analysis of large volumes of data with trivial parallelization in multiple independent execution threads. More advanced applications in HEP and other scientific domains can exploit complex parallelization techniques using multiple interacting execution threads. A growing number of High Performance Computing (HPC) centers, or supercomputers, support this mode of operation. One of the software toolkits developed for building distributed computing systems is the DIRAC Interware. It allows seamless integration of computing and storage resources based on different technologies into a single coherent system. This product was very successful to solve problems of large HEP experiments and was upgraded in order to offer a general-purpose solution. The DIRAC Interware can help including also HPC centers into a common federation to achieve similar goals as for computational grids. However, integration of HPC centers imposes certain requirements on their internal organization and external connectivity presenting a complex co-design problem. A distributed infrastructure including supercomputers is planned for construction. It will be applied for inter-disciplinary large-scale problems of modern science and technology.