Inoculation methodology's of papaya fruits with fungi causing stem-end-rot

The stem-end-rot, one of the major post-harvest diseases in papaya (Carica papaya L.), has not been very well investigated concerning ecological and epidemiological aspects of the Brazilian conditions. So that studies can be developed in the referred to areas, it is necessary to use the right methodologies that allow the reproduction of the symptons of this disease in laboratory conditions. This study aimed to stablish a method for inoculating papaya fruits to reproduce the symptons of the stem-end-rot through tree procedures: 1) cut of the stem followed by deposition of fungal mycelium in agar discs; 2) deposition of the spore suspension into the stem's region followed by injuries, and 3) application of spore suspension in the stem's region without injuries. The inoculation was performed with the fungi P. caricae-papayae, C. gloeosporioides, B. theobromae a F. solani, and inoculated fruits were placed under temperatures of 20 degrees and 25 degrees C. The results indicate that there were no effects of the tested temperatures in the development of all fungi, in the different methods of inoculation. The highest severity of stem-end-rot (score 1-5) was observed in fruits inoculated by the methods of injection in the stem, independing of the fungus used. The fungi C. gloeosporioides and P. carica-papaya presented the highest levels of severity in the disease followed by B. theobromae and F. solani.