A dynamic microbial community with high functional redundancy inhabits the cold, oxic subseafloor aquifer

被引:107
作者
Tully, Benjamin J. [1 ]
Wheat, C. Geoff [2 ]
Glazer, Brain T. [3 ]
Huber, Julie A. [4 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Southern Calif, Ctr Dark Energy Biosphere Invest, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
[2] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA
[3] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
[4] Josephine Bay Paul Ctr, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA USA
[5] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; DEEP-SEA; WESTERN FLANK; OCEAN CRUST; HEAT-FLOW; DIVERSITY; FLUIDS; OXIDATION; GENE; CHEMISTRY;
D O I
10.1038/ismej.2017.187
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
The rock-hosted subseafloor crustal aquifer harbors a reservoir of microbial life that may influence global marine biogeochemical cycles. Here we utilized metagenomic libraries of crustal fluid samples from North Pond, located on the flanks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a site with cold, oxic subseafloor fluid circulation within the upper basement to query microbial diversity. Twenty-one samples were collected during a 2-year period to examine potential microbial metabolism and community dynamics. We observed minor changes in the geochemical signatures over the 2 years, yet the microbial community present in the crustal fluids underwent large shifts in the dominant taxonomic groups. An analysis of 195 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were generated from the data set and revealed a connection between litho-and autotrophic processes, linking carbon fixation to the oxidation of sulfide, sulfur, thiosulfate, hydrogen, and ferrous iron in members of the Proteobacteria, specifically the Alpha-, Gamma-and Zetaproteobacteria, the Epsilonbacteraeota and the Planctomycetes. Despite oxic conditions, analysis of the MAGs indicated that members of the microbial community were poised to exploit hypoxic or anoxic conditions through the use of microaerobic cytochromes, such as cbb(3)- and bd-type cytochromes, and alternative electron acceptors, like nitrate and sulfate. Temporal and spatial trends from the MAGs revealed a high degree of functional redundancy that did not correlate with the shifting microbial community membership, suggesting functional stability in mediating subseafloor biogeochemical cycles. Collectively, the repeated sampling at multiple sites, together with the successful binning of hundreds of genomes, provides an unprecedented data set for investigation of microbial communities in the cold, oxic crustal aquifer.
引用
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页码:1 / 16
页数:16
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