The Model to Estimate Survival in Ambulatory Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Aids in the Decision for TACE Retreatment

Background/Aims: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a major therapeutic modality for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, which needs repeated treatments. Model to Estimate Survival in Ambulatory Hepatocellular carcinoma patients (MESIAH) was recently developed as a model for predicting survival. We aimed to develop a novel index for TACE retreatment using MESIAH scores. Patients and Methods: From 2005 to 2008, 783 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who had undergone 1 previous TACE procedure were enrolled. We calculated their pre-TACE and post-TACE-MESIAH and calculated the MESIAH ratio by dividing the post-TACE by pre-TACE score. The discriminatory abilities of the MESIAH ratio and post-TACE-MESIAH were compared with ART and ABCR scores. Results: Among 783 patients, 355 (45.3%) received a second TACE (test set), and 195 (24.9%) patients received a third TACE treatment (validation set). In the test set, patients with a MESIAH ratio <0.9 obtained longer overall survival than patients with a MESIAH ratio >= 0.9 [26.0 vs. 9.0 mo, respectively; hazard ratio 1.66 (1.29-2.14)], and patients with a post-TACE-MESIAH<4.5 showed longer overall survival than patients with a post-TACE-MESIAH >= 4.5 [38.0 vs. 7.0 mo, respectively; hazard ratio, 3.17 (2.45-4.09)]. The post-TACE-MESIAH [C-index 0.663 (0.628-0.697)] was better than the ART [C-index 0.596 (0.554-0.638)] and ABCR scores [C-index 0.576 (0.536-0.617)] at estimating prognosis. Our results were confirmed by the validation set. Conclusions: A MESIAH score >= 4.5 after TACE identifies patients with a poor prognosis. Randomized studies are needed to establish whether additional TACE may affect survival.