Reintervention following stage 1 palliation: A report from the NPC-QIC Registry

Background Single ventricle heart disease with aortic arch hypoplasia has high morbidity and mortality, with the greatest risk after stage 1 palliation. Residual lesions often require catheter-based or surgical reintervention to minimize risk. We sought to describe the types, frequency, and risk factors for re-intervention between stage 1 and stage 2 palliation, utilizing the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative (NPC-QIC) registry. Methods The NPC-QIC registry, consisting of patients discharged after stage 1 palliation, was queried. Hybrid stage 1 palliation patients were excluded from this study. The primary risk factor was shunt type and the primary outcome was re-intervention. Results Of 1156 patients, (50%) had re-intervention. There was no difference in total rate of re-intervention by shunt type (BT shunt 52% vs. RVPA shunt 48%; P = .17). Patients with a BT shunt had increased re-intervention during stage 1 hospitalization (P =.002). During the interstage period, following discharge from stage 1 palliation, patients with a BT shunt had increased aortic arch re-intervention (P < .005), while patients with an RVPA shunt had increased re-intervention on the shunt and the pulmonary arteries (P = .02). Postoperative mechanical ventilation >14 d (P < .01) was the only risk factor associated with re-intervention by multivariable analysis, regardless of shunt type. Conclusions Re-intervention between stage I and stage 2 palliation is common. There is no difference in cumulative frequency of re-intervention between shunt types, though types and timing of re-intervention varied between shunt types. Longitudinal assessment of the NPC-QIC database is important to identify long term outcomes of patients requiring re-intervention.