At home and away: Measuring the sleep of Australian truck drivers

The causes of fatigue in truck drivers related to work hours have been studied extensively and are reasonably well understood. However, much less is known about how rest opportunities can be structured to optimise recovery from fatigue. The nature of the road transport industry often requires that rest be taken in various locations. New investigation in this area, focusing on sleep obtained in truck cabs and other non-home environments is critically important to complement existing understanding. This study examined sleep at home and in truck cabs, in truck drivers who were actively working during the time of the study. Thirty-seven male drivers aged between 24 and 63 years (age: 48.7 +/- 9.0 years; mean +/- SD) wore activity monitors (also known as 'sleep watches') and completed work and sleep diaries for a period of 21 days, recording their subjective fatigue levels before, during and after work shifts, and before and after sleep periods. They also self-rated their sleep quality and noted the number of times they woke during sleep periods. Analyses focused on home versus in-truck sleep periods. The subjective data suggested that a greater quantity (P<.001) and quality (P<.05) of sleep was obtained at home than in the truck, and that sleeping at home more effectively reduced fatigue levels (P<.001). The objective data showed trends towards longer sleep length at home, but other variables, including total sleep per 24 h and sleep quality, showed no significant differences. This study demonstrates that measuring sleep quantity and quality in operational road transport environments is feasible. The findings caution against over-reliance on laboratory and simulator studies since there are critical aspects of the operating environment that cannot be validly studied in artificially controlled settings. This study is unique in its direct examination of sleep quantity and quality in truck drivers sleeping at home and away from home. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.