Tire Condition Monitoring and Intelligent Tires Using Nanogenerators Based on Piezoelectric, Electromagnetic, and Triboelectric Effects

The quest to utilize intelligent tires has prompted substantial multidisciplinary research including vehicle dynamics, control, estimation, energy harvesting, and even nanotechnology. This review article presents the progress in the area of tire condition monitoring systems (TCMS) and intelligent tires using devices fabricated based on piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and triboelectric effects. Three main branches of the research in this area are presented, including estimation techniques, sensing, and energy harvesting approaches. The authors delineate the importance of TCMS for vehicle active safety systems, its importance for transportation safety, and also its remarkable economic and environmental impacts on the development of intelligent transportation systems. The historical evolution and the perspective of research in the area of intelligent tires and TCMS are also reviewed. In addition, it is discussed how nanogenerators would be effective on the future of intelligent tires.