Multilevel Interactions of Stress and Circadian System: Implications for Traumatic Stress

被引:51
作者
Agorastos, Agorastos [1 ,2 ]
Nicolaides, Nicolas C. [3 ]
Bozikas, Vasilios P. [1 ]
Chrousos, George P. [3 ,4 ]
Pervanidou, Panagiota [4 ]
机构
[1] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Fac Med Sci, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat,Div Neurosci, Thessaloniki, Greece
[2] VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, VA Ctr Excellence Stress & Mental Hlth CESAMH, San Diego, CA 92161 USA
[3] Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Aghia Sophia Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pediat 1,Div Endocnnol Metab & Diabet, Athens, Greece
[4] Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Aghia Sophia Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pediat 1,Unit Dev & Behav Pediat, Athens, Greece
关键词
circadian system; circadian clocks; stress; trauma; HPA axis; autonomic nervous system; glucocorticoids; sleep; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; CLOCK GENE-EXPRESSION; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; CORTISOL AWAKENING RESPONSE; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; REV-ERB-ALPHA; GLUCOCORTICOID ACTION NETWORKS; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; REPEATED PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS;
D O I
10.3389/fpsyt.2019.01003
中图分类号
R749 [精神病学];
学科分类号
100205 ;
摘要
The dramatic fluctuations in energy demands by the rhythmic succession of night and day on our planet has prompted a geophysical evolutionary need for biological temporal organization across phylogeny. The intrinsic circadian timing system (CS) represents a highly conserved and sophisticated internal "clock," adjusted to the 24-h rotation period of the earth, enabling a nyctohemeral coordination of numerous physiologic processes, from gene expression to behavior. The human CS is tightly and bidirectionally interconnected to the stress system (SS). Both systems are fundamental for survival and regulate each other's activity in order to prepare the organism for the anticipated cyclic challenges. Thereby, the understanding of the temporal relationship between stressors and stress responses is critical for the comprehension of the molecular basis of physiology and pathogenesis of disease. A critical loss of the harmonious timed order at different organizational levels may affect the fundamental properties of neuroendocrine, immune, and autonomic systems, leading to a breakdown of biobehavioral adaptative mechanisms with increased stress sensitivity and vulnerability. In this review, following an overview of the functional components of the SS and CS, we present their multilevel interactions and discuss how traumatic stress can alter the interplay between the two systems. Circadian dysregulation after traumatic stress exposure may represent a core feature of trauma-related disorders mediating enduring neurobiological correlates of trauma through maladaptive stress regulation. Understanding the mechanisms susceptible to circadian dysregulation and their role in stress-related disorders could provide new insights into disease mechanisms, advancing psychochronobiological treatment possibilities and preventive strategies in stress-exposed populations.
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页数:28
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