Monte Carlo simulation of β-γ coincidence system using plastic scintillators in 4π geometry

A modified version of a Monte Carlo code called Esquema, developed at the Nuclear Metrology Laboratory in IPEN, Sao Paulo, Brazil, has been applied for simulating a 4 pi beta(PS)-gamma coincidence system designed for primary radionuclide standardisation. This system consists of a plastic scintillator in 4 pi geometry, for alpha or electron detection, coupled to a NaI(Tl) counter for gamma-ray detection. The response curves for monoenergetic electrons and photons have been calculated previously by Penelope code and applied as input data to code Esquema. The latter code simulates all the disintegration processes, from the precursor nucleus to the ground state of the daughter radionuclide. As a result, the curve between the observed disintegration rate as a function of the beta efficiency parameter can be simulated. A least-squares fit between the experimental activity values and the Monte Carlo calculation provided the actual radioactive source activity, without need of conventional extrapolation procedures. Application of this methodology to Co-60 and Ba-133 radioactive sources is presented and showed results in good agreement with a conventional proportional counter 4 pi beta(PC)-gamma coincidence system. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.