Aggression and violence in sport: A reply to Kerr's rejoinder

In response to Ken's (1999) rejoinder to the International Society of Sport Psychology's (ISSP) Position Stand (PS) on aggression and violence in sport (Tenenbaum, Stewart, Singer, & Duda, 1997), this reply refutes Ken's criticisms and further advocates the recommendations provided by the ISSP to drastically reduce aggression among athletes and spectators. Specifically, this paper answers Ken's (1999) accusations that the PS fails to provide an understanding of the motivation behind aggression in sport, does not distinguish between athlete and spectator violence, makes improper conclusions regarding the media's influence, and incorrectly blames officials for inflaming aggressive acts. Support is offered to vindicate the PS. The example cited by Ken to discredit the PS recommendations is shown to be congruent with the ISSP's suggestions for reducing aggression and violence in sport. Readers are urged to approach with caution arguments that consider aggression an essential component of sport, as such views increase the risk of injury among participants and spectators. Additional suggestions for reducing the incidence of aggression and violence in sport are invited.