Monte Carlo method in optical radiometry

State-of-the-art in the application of the Monte Carlo method (MCM) to the computational problems of optical radiometry is discussed. The MCM offers a universal technique for radiation transfer modelling based on the stochastic approach. Developments of the original MCM algorithms and software for calculation of effective emissivities of black bodies, absorption characteristics of cavity radiometers and photometric properties of integrating spheres are used for designing advanced optical instruments. The capabilities of the developed software are illustrated by several examples. The techniques of convergence improvement and special time-saving algorithms are outlined.