Relationship of homestead food production with night blindness among children below 5 years of age in Bangladesh

Objective: To examine the relationship between homestead food production and night blindness among pre-school children in rural Bangladesh in the presence of a national vitamin A supplementation programme. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: A population-based sample of six rural divisions of Bangladesh assessed in the Bangladesh Nutrition Surveillance Project 2001-2005. Subjects: A total of 158 898 children aged 12-59 months. Results: The prevalence rates of night blindness in children among those who did and did not receive vitamin A capsules in the last 6 months were 0.07% and 0.13 %, respectively. Given the known effect of vitamin A supplementation on night blindness, the analysis was stratified by children's receipt of vitamin A capsules in the last 6 months. Among children who did not receive vitamin A capsules in the last 6 months, the lack of a home garden was associated with increased odds of night blindness (OR = 3.16, 95% CI 1.76, 5.68; P = 0.0001). Among children who received vitamin A capsules in the last 6 months, the lack of a home garden was not associated with night blindness (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 0.71, 2.31; P = 0.4). Conclusions: Homestead food production confers a protective effect against night blindness among pre-school children who missed vitamin A supplementation in rural Bangladesh.