Physical Activity and DNA Methylation in Humans

被引:51
作者
Swiatowy, Witold Jozef [1 ]
Drzewiecka, Hanna [1 ]
Kliber, Michalina [1 ]
Sasiadek, Maria [2 ]
Karpinski, Pawel [2 ]
Plawski, Andrzej [3 ]
Jagodzinski, Pawel Piotr [1 ]
机构
[1] Poznan Univ Med Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, PL-60781 Poznan, Poland
[2] Wroclaw Med Univ, Dept Genet, PL-50368 Wroclaw, Poland
[3] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Human Genet, PL-60479 Poznan, Poland
关键词
DNA methylation; epigenetics; exercise; physical activity; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROMOTER METHYLATION; CHRONIC EXERCISE; BINDING PROTEIN; LUNG-CANCER; IMPACT; BLOOD; RISK; INTERLEUKIN-6;
D O I
10.3390/ijms222312989
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Physical activity is a strong stimulus influencing the overall physiology of the human body. Exercises lead to biochemical changes in various tissues and exert an impact on gene expression. Exercise-induced changes in gene expression may be mediated by epigenetic modifications, which rearrange the chromatin structure and therefore modulate its accessibility for transcription factors. One of such epigenetic mark is DNA methylation that involves an attachment of a methyl group to the fifth carbon of cytosine residue present in CG dinucleotides (CpG). DNA methylation is catalyzed by a family of DNA methyltransferases. This reversible DNA modification results in the recruitment of proteins containing methyl binding domain and further transcriptional co-repressors leading to the silencing of gene expression. The accumulation of CpG dinucleotides, referred as CpG islands, occurs at the promoter regions in a great majority of human genes. Therefore, changes in DNA methylation profile affect the transcription of multiple genes. A growing body of evidence indicates that exercise training modulates DNA methylation in muscles and adipose tissue. Some of these epigenetic markers were associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the influence of physical activity on the DNA methylation status in humans.
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页数:16
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