The neurophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

被引:40
作者
di Michele, F
Prichep, L
John, ER
Chabot, RJ
机构
[1] NYU, Sch Med, Brain Res Labs, New York, NY 10016 USA
[2] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Neurosci, Rome, Italy
[3] IRCCS S Lucia, Rome, Italy
关键词
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; QEEG; neuroanatomical model;
D O I
10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.03.011
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Recent reviews of the neurobiology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) have concluded that there is no single pathophysiological profile underlying this disorder. Certainly, dysfunctions in the frontal/subcortical pathways that control attention and motor behavior are implicated. However, no diagnostic criteria or behavioral/neuroimaging techniques allow a clear discrimination among subtypes within this disorder, especially when problems with learning are also considered. Two major Quantitative EEG (QEEG) subtypes have been found to characterize AD/HD. Here we review the major findings in the neurophysiology of AD/HD, focusing on QEEG, and briefly present our previous findings using a source localization technique called Variable Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (VARETA). These two techniques represent a possible objective method to identify specific patterns corresponding to EEG-defined subtypes of AD/HD. We then propose a model representing the distribution of the neural generators in these two major AD/HD subtypes, localized within basal ganglia and right anterior cortical regions, and hippocampal, para-hippocampal and temporal cortical regions, respectively. A comprehensive review of neurochemical, genetic, neuroimaging, pharmacological and neuropsychological evidence in support of this model is then presented. These results indicate the value of the neurophysiological model of AD/HD and support the involvement of different neuroanatomical systems, particularly the dopaminergic pathways. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:81 / 93
页数:13
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