Dynamic electric, modulus and impedance study of Ni0.5Cu0.2Cd0.3Fe2-zAlzO4 nanoparticles with magnetization and Rietveld analysis

The ferrite nanoparticles of Ni0.5Cu0.2Cd0.3Fe2-zAlzO4 (0.00 <= z <= 0.075 with step 0.015) were synthesized with popular sol-gel method and their physical, magnetic and electrical transport characteristics have been analysed. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the precise single-phase spinel structure for every composition as justified by the Rietveld refinement analysis. The Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) technique reveals surface morphology of the synthesized sample at nanoscale. The FESEM image shows the nanosized (99-46 nm) ferrites with narrow size distribution occupying spherical shapes. To illustrate magnetic characteristics, vibrating sample magnetometer and the law of approach to saturation has been used to analyse (M-H) data in saturation region in order to extract the hysteresis parameters. The intrinsic saturation magnetization (M-s) as well as magnetic moment are found to increase with Al3+ substitution up to z = 0.03. The dielectric properties (real and imaginary part, loss tangent (tan delta) and ac conductivity (sigma(ac)) were measured with frequency at room temperature. Both tan delta and sigma(ac) were decreased with Al content showing potentiality for high-frequency applications. Complex impedance studies disclose the increase of grain resistance and grain boundary resistance with increasing Al content. Modulus spectroscopy study shows the dynamics of conduction mechanism in the synthesized ferrite nanoparticles.