Low Cost and Superior Safety Industrial Grade Lithium Dual-Ion Batteries with a Second Life

The next generation of electrochemical energy storage devices requires low cost, superior safety, high energy density, and high power density. Here, industrial grade lithium dual-ion batteries (LDIBs) with low cost, superior safety, and high energy density were reported. The full LDIBs exhibit a high capacity, an outstanding long-term cycling stability with a capacity retention as high as 93 % after 500 cycles, and a superior self-discharge performance (the capacity can retain higher than 62 % after 90 days). The LDIBs display an outstanding high and low temperature performance in terms of the capacity, cycle life, and safety. The LDIBs are able to pass the nail test (without producing any smoke), and they can still function properly even after destroying the package with the electrodes exposed in air. Another interesting result is that we can give LDIBs a second life by replace solvent of electrolyte, which represents a critical step forward toward battery recycle.