Fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystals with controlled defects by combination of holographic lithography and two-photon polymerization

A new ternary photopolymer system is used in fabricating photonic crytals (PhCs) with controlled defects by combination of single-photon photopolymerization. The former process can be PhCs in one-step recording with lower-power (tens mW) continous-wave laser at 532 nm, while the latter can create desired defects. The preparation of the material, the optical setup and the preliminary experimental results are given. Compared with other methods, this approach is much more accesible and convenenient for use of the visible light and has andvantages of making PhCs in a large scale quickly and economilly and introducing any defects exactly, espially for three-dimentional structures.