Incarceration Predicts Virologic Failure for HIV-Infected Injection Drug Users Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

被引:67
作者
Westergaard, Ryan P. [1 ]
Kirk, Gregory D. [2 ,3 ]
Richesson, Douglas R. [3 ]
Galai, Noya [3 ,4 ]
Mehta, Shruti H. [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53711 USA
[2] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
[3] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA
[4] Univ Haifa, Dept Stat, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; PRISON RELEASE; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG MEN; PROGRESSION; ADHERENCE; IMPACT; INTERRUPTIONS;
D O I
10.1093/cid/cir491
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Background. Incarceration may lead to interruptions in antiretroviral therapy (ART) for persons receiving treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We assessed whether incarceration and subsequent release were associated with virologic failure for injection drug users (IDUs) who were previously successfully treated with ART. Methods. ALIVE is a prospective, community-based cohort study of IDUs in Baltimore, Maryland. IDUs receiving ART during 1998-2009 who successfully achieved an HIV RNA level below the limit of detection (<400 copies/mL) were followed up for development of virologic failure at the subsequent semiannual study visit. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to assess whether incarceration was independently associated with virologic failure. Results. Of 437 HIV-infected IDUs who achieved undetectable HIV RNA for at least one study visit, 69% were male, 95% were African-American, and 40% reported at least one incarceration during follow-up. Virologic failure occurred at 26.3% of visits after a median of 6 months since achieving undetectable HIV RNA. In multivariate analysis accounting for demographic characteristics, drug use, and HIV disease stage, brief incarceration was strongly associated with virologic failure (adjusted odds ratio, 7.7; 95% confidence interval, 3.0-19.7), although incarceration lasting >30 days was not (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval,.8-2.6). Conclusions. Among IDUs achieving viral suppression while receiving ART, virologic failure occurred with high frequency and was strongly associated with brief incarceration. Efforts should be made to ensure continuity of care both during and after incarceration to improve treatment outcomes and prevent viral resistance in this vulnerable population.
引用
收藏
页码:725 / 731
页数:7
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