Adoption of Online Learning in Indonesian Higher Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This research aims to bridge the gap in the literature by investigating the factors affecting online learning adoption by the academic staff using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. Data were obtained through a survey of 342 lecturers at public universities in Indonesia from July to August 2021 and analyzed using a structural equation modeling approach. The results showed that social influence (beta =.14, p =.02), facilitating conditions (beta =.41, p < 0.001), and performance expectancy (beta =.30, p < 0.01) related to behavioral intention, and behavioral intention affected lecturers' adoption of online learning while effort expectancy (beta =.03, p =.58) had no significant effect on the lecturer's behavioral intention. Moreover, behavioral intention was observed to have mediated the effect of performance expectancy (beta =.04, p =.02) and facilitating conditions (beta =.06, p =.01) on the adoption of online learning but had no indirect effect on the effort expectancy (beta =.01, p =.69) and social influence (beta =.02, p =.08). These findings contribute to the behavioral science perspective through the application of the UTAUT model in the case of adopting online learning. Therefore, university administrators need to consider the main results when implementing online learning by focusing on the efforts to increase performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions of the educators.