Obesity and the Gut Microbiota

被引:102
作者
Flint, Harry J. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Aberdeen, Rowett Inst Nutr & Hlth, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland
关键词
obesity; energy harvest; colonic fermentation; dietary fiber; gut microbiota; HUMAN COLONIC MICROBIOTA; DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; TRANSIT-TIME; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; BACTERIAL-POPULATIONS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; FECAL BACTERIA; WEIGHT-LOSS; FERMENTATION; ENERGY;
D O I
10.1097/MCG.0b013e31821f44c4
中图分类号
R57 [消化系及腹部疾病];
学科分类号
摘要
Gut microorganisms have the potential to influence weight gain and fat deposition through a variety of mechanisms. One factor is the ability of microorganisms in the large intestine to release energy by fermenting otherwise indigestible components of the diet ("energy harvest"). This energy becomes available to the host indirectly through the absorption of microbially produced short-chain fatty acids. Energy recovery from fiber will be largely determined by dietary intake and gut transit, but can also depend on the makeup of the gut microbiota. The species composition of the gut microbiota changes with diet composition, as has been shown in studies with obese individuals after reduced carbohydrate weight loss diets, or diets containing different nondigestible carbohydrates. There is conflicting evidence, however, on the extent to which gut microbiota composition differs between obese and nonobese humans. In contrast, there is increasing evidence to suggest that gut microorganisms and their metabolic products can influence gut hormones, inflammation, and gut motility. Any changes in gut microbiota composition that influence energy expenditure, satiety, and food intake have the potential to alter weight gain and weight loss, but a better understanding of the impact of different members of the gut microbial community upon host physiology is needed to establish these relationships.
引用
收藏
页码:S128 / S132
页数:5
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