BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MISWAK (SALVADORA PERSICA)

Miswak (Salvadora persica) is one of the oldest known shrubs, being used by millions of people in various parts of the world as an oral hygiene tool The reason for its wide use is not only its excellent mechanical plague-removing efficiency but also its broad range of Biological properties. Most importantly, it has good antibacterial and antifungal effects that are responsible for maintaining good oral health including prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease. It also raises the plaque pH and stimulates salivary flow, which play synergistic effect in caries prevention. Besides this, it has protective effect on human leukocytes, inhibitory effect on platelets aggregation induced by thrombin or collagen, increases cell proliferation and promotes wound healing. Some studies have demonstrated its good analgesic, anticonvulsive and sedative effects. Another study also claimed that miswak affects adversely on male and female reproductive system in mice. The purpose of the present article is to provide an overview of various biological effects that will help to understand the importance of this plant and offer suggestions for future research.