The low cosmic-ray density in the Polaris Flare

被引:0
作者
Cui, Zhi-Wei [1 ,2 ]
Yang, Rui-Zhi [1 ,2 ]
Liu, Bing [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Phys Sci, Dept Astron, CAS Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China
[2] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China
[3] Nanjing Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Modern Astron & Astrophys, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China
关键词
cosmic rays; gamma rays; ISM; clouds; DARK GAS; PROPAGATION; CLOUDS;
D O I
10.1088/1674-4527/21/10/246
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
We reported the gamma-ray observation towards the giant molecular cloud Polaris Flare. Together with the dust column density map, we derived the cosmic ray (CR) density and spectrum in this cloud. Compared with the CR measured locally, the CR density in the Polaris Flare is significantly lower and the spectrum is softer. Such a different CR spectrum reveals either a rather large gradient of CR distribution in the direction perpendicular to the Galactic plane or a suppression of CR inside molecular clouds.
引用
收藏
页数:5
相关论文
共 15 条
  • [1] Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
    Abdollahi, S.
    Acero, F.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Atwood, W. B.
    Axelsson, M.
    Baldini, L.
    Ballet, J.
    Barbiellini, G.
    Bastieri, D.
    Becerra Gonzalez, J.
    Bellazzini, R.
    Berretta, A.
    Bissaldi, E.
    Blandford, R. D.
    Bloom, E. D.
    Bonino, R.
    Bottacini, E.
    Brandt, T. J.
    Bregeon, J.
    Bruel, P.
    Buehler, R.
    Burnett, T. H.
    Buson, S.
    Cameron, R. A.
    Caputo, R.
    Caraveo, P. A.
    Casandjian, J. M.
    Castro, D.
    Cavazzuti, E.
    Charles, E.
    Chaty, S.
    Chen, S.
    Cheung, C. C.
    Chiaro, G.
    Ciprini, S.
    Cohen-Tanugi, J.
    Cominsky, L. R.
    Coronado-Blazquez, J.
    Costantin, D.
    Cuoco, A.
    Cutini, S.
    D'Ammando, F.
    DeKlotz, M.
    Luque, P. de la Tone
    de Palma, F.
    Desai, A.
    Digel, S. W.
    Di Lalla, N.
    Di Mauro, M.
    [J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 2020, 247 (01)
  • [2] Extended gamma-ray sources around pulsars constrain the origin of the positron flux at Earth
    Abeysekara, A. U.
    Albert, A.
    Alfaro, R.
    Alvarez, C.
    Alvarez, J. D.
    Arceo, R.
    Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C.
    Rojas, D. Avila
    Solares, H. A. Ayala
    Barber, A. S.
    Bautista-Elivar, N.
    Becerril, A.
    Belmont-Moreno, E.
    BenZvi, S. Y.
    Berley, D.
    Bernal, A.
    Braun, J.
    Brisbois, C.
    Caballero-Mora, K. S.
    Capistran, T.
    Carraminana, A.
    Casanova, S.
    Castillo, M.
    Cotti, U.
    Cotzomi, J.
    de Leon, S. Coutino
    De Leon, C.
    De la Fuente, E.
    Dingus, B. L.
    DuVernois, M. A.
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    Ellsworth, R. W.
    Engel, K.
    Enriquez-Rivera, O.
    Fiorino, D. W.
    Fraija, N.
    Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A.
    Garfias, F.
    Gerhardt, M.
    Munoz, A. Gonzalez
    Gonzalez, M. M.
    Goodman, J. A.
    Hampel-Arias, Z.
    Harding, J. P.
    Hernandez, S.
    Hernandez-Almada, A.
    Hinton, J.
    Hona, B.
    Hui, C. M.
    Huntemeyer, P.
    [J]. SCIENCE, 2017, 358 (6365) : 911 - 914
  • [3] Planck early results. XIX. All-sky temperature and dust optical depth from Planck and IRAS. Constraints on the "dark gas" in our Galaxy
    Ade, P. A. R.
    Aghanim, N.
    Arnaud, M.
    Ashdown, M.
    Aumont, J.
    Baccigalupi, C.
    Balbi, A.
    Banday, A. J.
    Barreiro, R. B.
    Bartlett, J. G.
    Battaner, E.
    Benabed, K.
    Benoit, A.
    Bernard, J. -P.
    Bersanelli, M.
    Bhatia, R.
    Bock, J. J.
    Bonaldi, A.
    Bond, J. R.
    Borrill, J.
    Bouchet, F. R.
    Boulanger, F.
    Bucher, M.
    Burigana, C.
    Cabella, P.
    Cardoso, J. -F.
    Catalano, A.
    Cayon, L.
    Challinor, A.
    Chamballu, A.
    Chiang, L. -Y
    Chiang, C.
    Christensen, P. R.
    Clements, D. L.
    Colombi, S.
    Couchot, F.
    Coulais, A.
    Crill, B. P.
    Cuttaia, F.
    Dame, T. M.
    Danese, L.
    Davies, R. D.
    Davis, R. J.
    de Bernardis, P.
    de Gasperis, G.
    de Rosa, A.
    de Zotti, G.
    Delabrouille, J.
    Delouis, J. -M.
    Desert, F. -X.
    [J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2011, 536
  • [4] Gamma rays from molecular clouds
    Aharonian, FA
    [J]. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, 2001, 99 (1-4) : 187 - 196
  • [5] Casandjian J.-M., 2015, ARXIV150207210
  • [6] Galactocentric variation of the gas-to-dust ratio and its relation with metallicity
    Giannetti, A.
    Leurini, S.
    Koenig, C.
    Urquhart, J. S.
    Pillai, T.
    Brand, J.
    Kauffmann, J.
    Wyrowski, F.
    Menten, K. M.
    [J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2017, 606
  • [7] Unveiling extensive clouds of dark gas in the solar neighborhood
    Grenier, IA
    Casandjian, JM
    Terrier, R
    [J]. SCIENCE, 2005, 307 (5713) : 1292 - 1295
  • [8] Heithausen A., 1990, ApJ, V353, pL49
  • [9] Parametrization of gamma-ray production cross sections for pp interactions in a broad proton energy range from the kinematic threshold to PeV energies
    Kafexhiu, Ervin
    Aharonian, Felix
    Taylor, Andrew M.
    Vila, Gabriela S.
    [J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2014, 90 (12):
  • [10] Low-Energy Break in the Spectrum of Galactic Cosmic Rays
    Neronov, A.
    Semikoz, D. V.
    Taylor, A. M.
    [J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2012, 108 (05)