Abelian and non-Abelian chiral spin liquids in a compact tensor network representation

We provide new insights into the Abelian and non-Abelian chiral Kitaev spin liquids on the star lattice using the recently proposed loop gas (LG) and string gas states [Lee, Kaneko, Okubo, and Kawashima, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 087203 (2019)]. Those are compactly represented in the language of the tensor network. By optimizing only one or two variational parameters, accurate ansatze are found in the whole phase diagram of the Kitaev model on the star lattice. In particular, the variational energy of the LG state becomes exact (within machine precision) at two limits in the model, and the criticality at one of those is analytically derived from the LG feature. It reveals that the Abelian chiral spin liquids (CSLs) are well demonstrated by the short-ranged LG whereas the non-Abelian CSLs are adiabatically connected to the critical LG where the macroscopic loops appear. Furthermore, by constructing the minimally entangled states and exploiting their entanglement spectrum and entropy, we identify the nature of anyons and the chiral edge modes in the non-Abelian phase with the Ising conformal field theory.