A shift from motorised travel to active transport: What are the potential health gains for an Australian city?

被引:46
作者
Zapata-Diomedi, Belen [1 ]
Knibbs, Luke D. [1 ]
Ware, Robert S. [1 ,2 ]
Heesch, Kristiann C. [3 ,4 ]
Tainio, Marko [5 ,6 ,7 ]
Woodcock, James [5 ,6 ]
Veerman, J. Lennert [1 ,8 ]
机构
[1] Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
[2] Griffith Univ, Menzies Hlth Inst Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
[3] Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Hlth & Biomed Innovat, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
[4] Sch Publ Hlth & Social Work, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
[5] Univ Cambridge, Sch Clin Med, MRC Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge, Cambs, England
[6] Univ Cambridge, Sch Clin Med, UKCRC Ctr Diet & Act Res CEDAR, Cambridge, Cambs, England
[7] Polish Acad Sci, Syst Res Inst, Warsaw, Poland
[8] Canc Council NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
基金
英国经济与社会研究理事会; 英国医学研究理事会; 澳大利亚国家健康与医学研究理事会; 英国惠康基金;
关键词
PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; AIR-POLLUTION; BENEFITS; IMPACT; DISEASE; RISK; POLICIES;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0184799
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Introduction An alarmingly high proportion of the Australian adult population does not meet national physical activity guidelines (57%). This is concerning because physical inactivity is a risk factor for several chronic diseases. In recent years, an increasing emphasis has been placed on the potential for transport and urban planning to contribute to increased physical activity via greater uptake of active transport (walking, cycling and public transport). In this study, we aimed to estimate the potential health gains and savings in health care costs of an Australian city achieving its stated travel targets for the use of active transport. Methods Additional active transport time was estimated for the hypothetical scenario of Brisbane (1.1 million population 2013) in Australia achieving specified travel targets. A multi-state life table model was used to estimate the number of health-adjusted life years, life-years, changes in the burden of diseases and injuries, and the health care costs associated with changes in physical activity, fine particle (<2.5 mu m; PM2.5) exposure, and road trauma attributable to a shift from motorised travel to active transport. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test alternative modelling assumptions. Results Over the life course of the Brisbane adult population in 2013 (860,000 persons), 33,000 health-adjusted life years could be gained if the travel targets were achieved by 2026. This was mainly due to lower risks of physical inactivity-related diseases, with life course reductions in prevalence and mortality risk in the range of 1.5%-6.0%. Prevalence and mortality of respiratory diseases increased slightly (>= 0.27%) due to increased exposure of larger numbers of cyclists and pedestrians to fine particles. The burden of road trauma increased by 30% for mortality and 7% for years lived with disability. We calculated substantial net savings ($AU183 million, 2013 values) in health care costs. Conclusion In cities, such as Brisbane, where over 80% of trips are made by private cars, shifts towards walking, cycling and public transport would cause substantial net health benefits and savings in health care costs. However, for such shifts to occur, investments are needed to ensure safe and convenient travel.
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页数:21
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