Predicting High-Risk Groups for COVID-19 Anxiety Using AdaBoost and Nomogram: Findings from Nationwide Survey in South Korea

People living in local communities have become more worried about infection due to the extended pandemic situation and the global resurgence of COVID-19. In this study, the author (1) selected features to be included in the nomogram using AdaBoost, which had an advantage in increasing the classification accuracy of single learners and (2) developed a nomogram for predicting high-risk groups of coronavirus anxiety while considering both prediction performance and interpretability based on this. Among 210,606 adults (95,287 males and 115,319 females) in South Korea, 39,768 people (18.9%) experienced anxiety due to COVID-19. The AdaBoost model confirmed that education level, awareness of neighbors/colleagues' COVID-19 response, age, gender, and subjective stress were five key variables with high weight in predicting anxiety induced by COVID-19 for adults living in South Korean communities. The developed logistic regression nomogram predicted that the risk of anxiety due to COVID-19 would be 63% for a female older adult who felt a lot of subjective stress, did not attend a middle school, was 70.6 years old, and thought that neighbors and colleagues responded to COVID-19 appropriately (classification accuracy = 0.812, precision = 0.761, recall = 0.812, AUC = 0.688, and F-1 score = 0.740). Prospective or retrospective cohort studies are required to causally identify the characteristics of anxiety disorders targeting high-risk COVID-19 anxiety groups identified in this study.