Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute

被引：109

作者：

Nemeth, Janos ^{[1
]}

Tapaszto, Beata ^{[1
,2
]}

Aclimandos, Wagih A. ^{[3
]}

Kestelyn, Philippe ^{[4
]}

Jonas, Jost B. ^{[5
]}

De Faber, Jan-Tjeerd H. N. ^{[6
]}

Januleviciene, Ingrida ^{[7
]}

Grzybowski, Andrzej ^{[8
,9
]}

Nagy, Zoltan Zsolt ^{[1
]}

Parssinen, Olavi ^{[10
]}

Guggenheim, Jeremy A. ^{[11
]}

Allen, Peter M. ^{[12
]}

Baraas, Rigmor C. ^{[13
]}

Saunders, Kathryn J. ^{[14
]}

Flitcroft, Daniel Ian ^{[15
,16
]}

Gray, Lyle S. ^{[17
]}

Polling, Jan Roelof ^{[18
,19
,20
]}

Haarman, Annechien E. G. ^{[18
,19
]}

Tideman, J. Willem L. ^{[18
,19
]}

Wolffsohn, James Stuart ^{[21
]}

Wahl, Siegfried ^{[22
,23
]}

Mulder, Jeroen A. ^{[20
]}

Smirnova, Irina Yurievna ^{[24
]}

Formenti, Marino ^{[25
]}

Radhakrishnan, Hema ^{[26
]}

Resnikoff, Serge ^{[27
,28
]}

机构：

[1] Semmelweis Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, POB 2, H-1428 Budapest, Hungary

[2] Semmelweis Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Budapest, Hungary

[3] Kings Coll Hosp London, London, England

[4] Univ Ghent, Dept Ophthalmol, Ghent, Belgium

[5] Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Mannheim, Germany

[6] Rotterdam Eye Hosp, Rotterdam, Netherlands

[7] Lithuanian Univ Hlth Sci, Kaunas, Lithuania

[8] Univ Warmia & Mazury, Dept Ophthalmol, Olsztyn, Poland

[9] Fdn Ophthalmol Dev, Inst Res Ophthalmol, Poznan, Poland

[10] Univ Jyvaskyla, Gerontol Res Ctr, Fac Sport & Hlth Sci, Jyvaskyla, Finland

[11] Cardiff Univ, Sch Optometry & Vis Sci, Cardiff, Wales

[12] Anglia Ruskin Univ, Vis & Hearing Sci Res Ctr, Cambridge, England

[13] Univ South Eastern Norway, Natl Ctr Opt Vis & Eye Care, Kongsberg, Norway

[14] Univ Ulster, Ctr Optometry & Vis Sci Res, Coleraine, Londonderry, North Ireland

[15] Temple St Childrens Hosp, Dublin, Ireland

[16] Technol Univ Dublin, Ctr Eye Res Ireland CERI, Dublin, Ireland

[17] Glasgow Caledonian Univ, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland

[18] Erasmus MC, Dept Ophthalmol, Rotterdam, Netherlands

[19] Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands

[20] Univ Appl Sci, Hogesch Utrecht, Dept Optometry & Orthopt, Utrecht, Netherlands

[21] Aston Univ, Coll Hlth & Life Sci, Optometry & Vis Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England

[22] Univ Tubingen, Inst Ophthalm Res, Tubingen, Germany

[23] Carl Zeiss Vis Int GmbH, Tubingen, Germany

[24] Siberian Ctr Prevent & Treatment Myopia Glazka, Novosibirsk, Russia

[25] Univ Padua, Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Padua, Italy

[26] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England

[27] Univ New South Wales, Sch Optometry & Vis Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia

[28] Brien Holden Vis Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia

来源：

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY | 2021年 / 31卷 / 03期

关键词：

Myopia; pathologic myopia; preventive medicine; blindness; time spent outdoors; myopia reduction interventions; atropine; orthokeratology; PROGRESSIVE ADDITION LENSES; POSTERIOR SCLERAL REINFORCEMENT; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; SOFT CONTACT-LENSES; PRISMATIC BIFOCAL SPECTACLES; OPTICAL TREATMENT STRATEGIES; FORM-DEPRIVATION MYOPIA; AXIAL LENGTH ELONGATION; SINGLE VISION LENSES; RESPONSE AC/A RATIOS;

D O I：

10.1177/1120672121998960

中图分类号：

R77 [眼科学];

学科分类号：

100212 ;

摘要：

The prevalence of myopia is increasing extensively worldwide. The number of people with myopia in 2020 is predicted to be 2.6 billion globally, which is expected to rise up to 4.9 billion by 2050, unless preventive actions and interventions are taken. The number of individuals with high myopia is also increasing substantially and pathological myopia is predicted to become the most common cause of irreversible vision impairment and blindness worldwide and also in Europe. These prevalence estimates indicate the importance of reducing the burden of myopia by means of myopia control interventions to prevent myopia onset and to slow down myopia progression. Due to the urgency of the situation, the European Society of Ophthalmology decided to publish this update of the current information and guidance on management of myopia. The pathogenesis and genetics of myopia are also summarized and epidemiology, risk factors, preventive and treatment options are discussed in details.

引用

页码：853 / 883

页数：31

共 364 条

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