Energy Efficiency of IoT Networks for Environmental Parameters of Bulgarian Cities

Building modern Internet of Things (IoT) systems is associated with a number of challenges. One of the most significant among them is the need for wireless technology, which will serve to build connectivity between the individual components of this technology. In the larger cities of Bulgaria, measures to ensure low levels of harmful emissions, reduce noise levels, and ensure comfort in urban environments have been taken. LoRa technology shows more advantages in transmission distance and low energy consumption compared to other technologies. That is why this technology was chosen for the design of wireless sensor networks (WSN) for six cities in Bulgaria. These networks have the potential to be used in IoT configurations. Appropriate modules and devices for building WSN for cities in Bulgaria have been selected. It has been found that the greater number of nodes in the WSN leads to an increase in the average power consumed in the network. On the other hand, depending on the location of these nodes, the energy consumed may decrease. The performance of wireless sensor networks can be optimized by applying appropriate routing protocols, which are proposed in the available literature. The methodology for energy efficiency analysis of WSN can be used in the design of wireless sensor networks to determine the parameters of the environment, with the possibility of application in IoT.