Delay discounting of different outcomes: Review and theory

被引:146
作者
Odum, Amy L. [1 ]
Becker, Ryan J. [1 ]
Haynes, Jeremy M. [1 ]
Galizio, Ann [1 ]
Frye, Charles C. J. [1 ]
Downey, Haylee [1 ]
Friedel, Jonathan E. [2 ]
Perez, D. M. [1 ]
机构
[1] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA
[2] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA
关键词
delay discounting; temporal discounting; domain; commodity; trait; TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY; OPIOID-DEPENDENT OUTPATIENTS; FILE-DRAWER PROBLEM; IMPULSIVE CHOICE; HYPOTHETICAL MONEY; CIGARETTE SMOKERS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS; INTERTEMPORAL CHOICE; STRAIN DIFFERENCES;
D O I
10.1002/jeab.589
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Steep delay discounting is characterized by a preference for small immediate outcomes relative to larger delayed outcomes and is predictive of drug abuse, risky sexual behaviors, and other maladaptive behaviors. Nancy M. Petry was a pioneer in delay discounting research who demonstrated that people discount delayed monetary gains less steeply than they discount substances with abuse liability. Subsequent research found steep discounting for not only drugs, but other nonmonetary outcomes such as food, sex, and health. In this systematic review, we evaluate the hypotheses proposed to explain differences in discounting as a function of the type of outcome and explore the trait- and state-like nature of delay discounting. We found overwhelming evidence for the state-like quality of delay discounting: Consistent with Petry and others' work, nonmonetary outcomes are discounted more steeply than monetary outcomes. We propose two hypotheses that together may account for this effect: Decreasing Future Preference and Decreasing Future Worth. We also found clear evidence that delay discounting has trait-like qualities: People who steeply discount monetary outcomes steeply discount nonmonetary outcomes as well. The implication is that changing delay discounting for one outcome could change discounting for other outcomes.
引用
收藏
页码:657 / 679
页数:23
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