LOWERING ICECUBE'S ENERGY THRESHOLD FOR POINT SOURCE SEARCHES IN THE SOUTHERN SKY

被引:29
作者
Aartsen, M. G. [1 ]
Abraham, K. [2 ]
Ackermann, M. [3 ]
Adams, J. [4 ]
Aguilar, J. A. [5 ]
Ahlers, M.
Ahrens, M. [8 ,9 ]
Altmann, D. [10 ]
Andeen, K. [11 ]
Anderson, T. [13 ]
Ansseau, I. [5 ]
Anton, G. [10 ]
Archinger, M. [13 ]
Arguelles, C. [14 ]
Arlen, T. C. [12 ]
Auffenberg, J. [15 ]
Bai, X. [16 ]
Barwick, S. W. [17 ]
Baum, V. [13 ]
Bay, R. [18 ]
Beatty, J. J. [19 ,20 ,21 ]
Tjus, J. Becker [22 ]
Becker, K. -H. [23 ]
BenZvi, S. [24 ]
Berghaus, P. [3 ]
Berley, D. [25 ]
Bernardini, E. [3 ]
Bernhard, A. [2 ]
Besson, D. Z. [26 ]
Binder, G. [18 ,27 ]
Bindig, D. [23 ]
Bissok, M. [15 ]
Blaufuss, E. [25 ]
Blot, S. [3 ]
Boersma, D. J. [28 ]
Bohm, C. [8 ,9 ]
Boerner, M.
Bos, F. [22 ]
Bose, D. [29 ]
Boeser, S. [13 ]
Botner, O. [28 ]
Braun, J. [6 ,7 ]
Brayeur, L. [30 ]
Bretz, H. -P. [3 ]
Burgman, A. [28 ]
Buzinsky, N. [31 ]
Casey, J. [32 ,33 ]
Casier, M. [30 ]
Cheung, E. [25 ]
Chirkin, D. [6 ,7 ]
机构
[1] Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
[2] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany
[3] DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
[4] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 1, New Zealand
[5] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Fac Sci, CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
[6] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[7] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI USA
[8] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[9] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[10] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
[11] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
[12] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, 104 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[13] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
[14] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[15] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
[16] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Phys, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
[17] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
[18] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[19] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
[20] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
[21] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 174 W 18Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
[22] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
[23] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
[24] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
[25] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
[26] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
[27] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[28] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
[29] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
[30] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
[31] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
[32] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
[33] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
[34] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
[35] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
[36] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[37] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
[38] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA
[39] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA
[40] Univ Ghent, Dept Phys & Astron, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
[41] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
[42] Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
[43] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[44] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
[45] Univ Bonn, Phys Inst, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
[46] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan
[47] Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA
[48] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
[49] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
[50] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
基金
美国国家科学基金会; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 瑞士国家科学基金会; 瑞典研究理事会; 新加坡国家研究基金会; 澳大利亚研究理事会;
关键词
astroparticle physics; neutrinos; COSMIC-RAYS; GAMMA-RAY; NEUTRINO TELESCOPE; ASTROPHYSICS;
D O I
10.3847/2041-8205/824/2/L28
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Observation of a point source of astrophysical neutrinos would be a "smoking gun" signature of a cosmic-ray accelerator. While IceCube has recently discovered a diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos, no localized point source has been observed. Previous IceCube searches for point sources in the southern sky were restricted by either an energy threshold above a few hundred TeV or poor neutrino angular resolution. Here we present a search for southern sky point sources with greatly improved sensitivities to neutrinos with energies below 100 TeV. By selecting charged-current nu(mu) interacting inside the detector, we reduce the atmospheric background while retaining efficiency for astrophysical neutrino-induced events reconstructed with sub-degree angular resolution. The new event sample covers three years of detector data and leads to a factor of 10 improvement in sensitivity to point sources emitting below 100 TeV in the southern sky. No statistically significant evidence of point sources was found, and upper limits are set on neutrino emission from individual sources. A posteriori analysis of the highest-energy (similar to 100 TeV) starting event in the sample found that this event alone represents a 2.8 sigma deviation from the hypothesis that the data consists only of atmospheric background.
引用
收藏
页数:8
相关论文
共 42 条
[1]   Evidence for Astrophysical Muon Neutrinos from the Northern Sky with IceCube [J].
Aartsen, M. G. ;
Abraham, K. ;
Ackermann, M. ;
Adams, J. ;
Aguilar, J. A. ;
Ahlers, M. ;
Ahrens, M. ;
Altmann, D. ;
Anderson, T. ;
Archinger, M. ;
Arguelles, C. ;
Arlen, T. C. ;
Auffenberg, J. ;
Bai, X. ;
Barwick, S. W. ;
Baum, V. ;
Bay, R. ;
Beatty, J. J. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Becker, K. -H. ;
Beiser, E. ;
BenZvi, S. ;
Berghaus, P. ;
Berley, D. ;
Bernardini, E. ;
Bernhard, A. ;
Besson, D. Z. ;
Binder, G. ;
Bindig, D. ;
Bissok, M. ;
Blaufuss, E. ;
Blumenthal, J. ;
Boersma, D. J. ;
Bohm, C. ;
Boerner, M. ;
Bos, F. ;
Bose, D. ;
Boeser, S. ;
Botner, O. ;
Braun, J. ;
Brayeur, L. ;
Bretz, H. -P. ;
Brown, A. M. ;
Buzinsky, N. ;
Casey, J. ;
Casier, M. ;
Cheung, E. ;
Chirkin, D. ;
Christov, A. ;
Christy, B. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2015, 115 (08)
[2]   Atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos above 1 TeV interacting in IceCube [J].
Aartsen, M. G. ;
Ackermann, M. ;
Adams, J. ;
Aguilar, J. A. ;
Ahlers, M. ;
Ahrens, M. ;
Altmann, D. ;
Anderson, T. ;
Arguelles, C. ;
Arlen, T. C. ;
Auffenberg, J. ;
Bai, X. ;
Barwick, S. W. ;
Baum, V. ;
Bay, R. ;
Beatty, J. J. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Becker, K. -H. ;
BenZvi, S. ;
Berghaus, P. ;
Berley, D. ;
Bernardini, E. ;
Bernhard, A. ;
Besson, D. Z. ;
Binder, G. ;
Bindig, D. ;
Bissok, M. ;
Blaufuss, E. ;
Blumenthal, J. ;
Boersma, D. J. ;
Bohm, C. ;
Bos, F. ;
Bose, D. ;
Boeser, S. ;
Botner, O. ;
Brayeur, L. ;
Bretz, H. -P. ;
Brown, A. M. ;
Buzinsky, N. ;
Casey, J. ;
Casier, M. ;
Cheung, E. ;
Chirkin, D. ;
Christov, A. ;
Christy, B. ;
Clark, K. ;
Classen, L. ;
Clevermann, F. ;
Coenders, S. ;
Cowen, D. F. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2015, 91 (02)
[3]   SEARCHES FOR EXTENDED AND POINT-LIKE NEUTRINO SOURCES WITH FOUR YEARS OF ICECUBE DATA [J].
Aartsen, M. G. ;
Ackermann, M. ;
Adams, J. ;
Aguilar, J. A. ;
Ahlers, M. ;
Ahrens, M. ;
Altmann, D. ;
Anderson, T. ;
Arguelles, C. ;
Arlen, T. C. ;
Auffenberg, J. ;
Bai, X. ;
Barwick, S. W. ;
Baum, V. ;
Beatty, J. J. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Becker, K. -H. ;
BenZvi, S. ;
Berghaus, P. ;
Berley, D. ;
Bernardini, E. ;
Bernhard, A. ;
Besson, D. Z. ;
Binder, G. ;
Bindig, D. ;
Bissok, M. ;
Blaufuss, E. ;
Blumenthal, J. ;
Boersma, D. J. ;
Bohm, C. ;
Bos, F. ;
Bose, D. ;
Boeser, S. ;
Botner, O. ;
Brayeur, L. ;
Bretz, H. -P. ;
Brown, A. M. ;
Casey, J. ;
Casier, M. ;
Cheung, E. ;
Chirkin, D. ;
Christov, A. ;
Christy, B. ;
Clark, K. ;
Classen, L. ;
Clevermann, F. ;
Coenders, S. ;
Cowen, D. F. ;
Silva, A. H. Cruz ;
Danninger, M. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2014, 796 (02)
[4]   Observation of High-Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos in Three Years of IceCube Data [J].
Aartsen, M. G. ;
Ackermann, M. ;
Adams, J. ;
Aguilar, J. A. ;
Ahlers, M. ;
Ahrens, M. ;
Altmann, D. ;
Anderson, T. ;
Arguelles, C. ;
Arlen, T. C. ;
Auffenberg, J. ;
Bai, X. ;
Barwick, S. W. ;
Baum, V. ;
Beatty, J. J. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Becker, K. -H. ;
BenZvi, S. ;
Berghaus, P. ;
Berley, D. ;
Bernardini, E. ;
Bernhard, A. ;
Besson, D. Z. ;
Binder, G. ;
Bindig, D. ;
Bissok, M. ;
Blaufuss, E. ;
Blumenthal, J. ;
Boersma, D. J. ;
Bohm, C. ;
Bose, D. ;
Boeser, S. ;
Botner, O. ;
Brayeur, L. ;
Bretz, H. -P. ;
Brown, A. M. ;
Casey, J. ;
Casier, M. ;
Chirkin, D. ;
Christov, A. ;
Christy, B. ;
Clark, K. ;
Classen, L. ;
Clevermann, F. ;
Coenders, S. ;
Cowen, D. F. ;
Silva, A. H. Cruz ;
Danninger, M. ;
Daughhetee, J. ;
Davis, J. C. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2014, 113 (10)
[5]   Search for a diffuse flux of astrophysical muon neutrinos with the IceCube 59-string configuration [J].
Aartsen, M. G. ;
Abbasi, R. ;
Ackermann, M. ;
Adams, J. ;
Aguilar, J. A. ;
Ahlers, M. ;
Altmann, D. ;
Arguelles, C. ;
Arlen, T. C. ;
Auffenberg, J. ;
Bai, X. ;
Baker, M. ;
Barwick, S. W. ;
Baum, V. ;
Bay, R. ;
Beatty, J. J. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Becker, K. -H. ;
BenZvi, S. ;
Berghaus, P. ;
Berley, D. ;
Bernardini, E. ;
Bernhard, A. ;
Besson, D. Z. ;
Binder, G. ;
Bindig, D. ;
Bissok, M. ;
Blaufuss, E. ;
Blumenthal, J. ;
Boersma, D. J. ;
Bohm, C. ;
Bose, D. ;
Boeser, S. ;
Botner, O. ;
Brayeur, L. ;
Bretz, H. -P. ;
Brown, A. M. ;
Bruijn, R. ;
Casey, J. ;
Casier, M. ;
Chirkin, D. ;
Christov, A. ;
Christy, B. ;
Clark, K. ;
Classen, L. ;
Clevermann, F. ;
Coenders, S. ;
Cohen, S. ;
Cowen, D. F. ;
Silva, A. H. Cruz .
PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2014, 89 (06)
[6]   Energy reconstruction methods in the IceCube neutrino telescope [J].
Aartsen, M. G. ;
Abbasi, R. ;
Ackermann, M. ;
Adams, J. ;
Aguilar, J. A. ;
Ahlers, M. ;
Altmann, D. ;
Arguelles, C. ;
Auffenberg, J. ;
Bai, X. ;
Baker, M. ;
Barwick, S. W. ;
Baum, V. ;
Bay, R. ;
Beatty, J. J. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Becker, K-H. ;
BenZvi, S. ;
Berghaus, P. ;
Berley, D. ;
Bernardini, E. ;
Bernhard, A. ;
Besson, D. Z. ;
Binder, G. ;
Bindig, D. ;
Bissok, M. ;
Blaufuss, E. ;
Blumenthal, J. ;
Boersma, D. J. ;
Bohm, C. ;
Bose, D. ;
Boeser, S. ;
Botner, O. ;
Brayeur, L. ;
Bretz, H-P. ;
Brown, A. M. ;
Bruijn, R. ;
Casey, J. ;
Casier, M. ;
Chirkin, D. ;
Christov, A. ;
Christy, B. ;
Clark, K. ;
Classen, L. ;
Clevermann, F. ;
Coenders, S. ;
Cohen, S. ;
Cowen, D. F. ;
Silva, A. H. Cruz ;
Danninger, M. .
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION, 2014, 9
[7]   SEARCH FOR TIME-INDEPENDENT NEUTRINO EMISSION FROM ASTROPHYSICAL SOURCES WITH 3 yr OF IceCube DATA [J].
Aartsen, M. G. ;
Abbasi, R. ;
Abdou, Y. ;
Ackermann, M. ;
Adams, J. ;
Aguilar, J. A. ;
Ahlers, M. ;
Altmann, D. ;
Auffenberg, J. ;
Bai, X. ;
Baker, M. ;
Barwick, S. W. ;
Baum, V. ;
Bay, R. ;
Beatty, J. J. ;
Bechet, S. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Becker, K. -H. ;
Benabderrahmane, M. L. ;
BenZvi, S. ;
Berghaus, P. ;
Berley, D. ;
Bernardini, E. ;
Bernhard, A. ;
Besson, D. Z. ;
Binder, G. ;
Bindig, D. ;
Bissok, M. ;
Blaufuss, E. ;
Blumenthal, J. ;
Boersma, D. J. ;
Bohaichuk, S. ;
Bohm, C. ;
Bose, D. ;
Boeser, S. ;
Botner, O. ;
Brayeur, L. ;
Bretz, H. -P. ;
Brown, A. M. ;
Bruijn, R. ;
Brunner, J. ;
Carson, M. ;
Casey, J. ;
Casier, M. ;
Chirkin, D. ;
Christov, A. ;
Christy, B. ;
Clark, K. ;
Clevermann, F. ;
Coenders, S. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2013, 779 (02)
[8]   Evidence for High-Energy Extraterrestrial Neutrinos at the IceCube Detector [J].
Aartsen, M. G. ;
Abbasi, R. ;
Abdou, Y. ;
Ackermann, M. ;
Adams, J. ;
Aguitar, J. A. ;
Alders, M. ;
Altmann, D. ;
Auffenberg, J. ;
Ba, X. ;
Baker, M. ;
Barwick, S. W. ;
Baum, V. ;
Bay, R. ;
Beatty, J. J. ;
Bechet, S. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Becker, K-H. ;
Benabderrahmane, M. L. ;
BenZvi, S. ;
Berghaus, P. ;
Berley, D. ;
Bernardini, E. ;
Bernhard, A. ;
Bertrand, D. ;
Besson, D. Z. ;
Binder, G. ;
Bindig, D. ;
Bissok, M. ;
Blaufuss, E. ;
Blumenthal, J. ;
Boersma, D. J. ;
Boliaichuk, S. ;
Bohm, C. ;
Bose, D. ;
Boeser, S. ;
Botner, O. ;
Brayeur, L. ;
Bretz, H-P. ;
Brown, A. M. ;
Bruijn, R. ;
Brunner, J. ;
Carson, M. ;
Casey, J. ;
Casier, M. ;
Chirkin, D. ;
Christov, A. ;
Christy, B. ;
Clark, K. ;
Cleverrnann, F. .
SCIENCE, 2013, 342 (6161) :947-+
[9]  
Aartsen M. G., ARXIV14125106
[10]   The IceCube data acquisition system: Signal capture, digitization, and timestamping [J].
Abbasi, R. ;
Ackermann, M. ;
Adams, J. ;
Ahlers, M. ;
Ahrens, J. ;
Andeen, K. ;
Auffenberge, J. ;
Bai, X. ;
Baker, M. ;
Barwick, S. W. ;
Bay, R. ;
Alba, J. L. Bazo ;
Beattie, K. ;
Becka, T. ;
Becker, J. K. ;
Becker, K-H. ;
Berghaus, P. ;
Berley, D. ;
Bernardini, E. ;
Bertrand, D. ;
Besson, D. Z. ;
Bingham, B. ;
Blaufuss, E. ;
Boersma, D. J. ;
Bohm, C. ;
Bolmont, J. ;
Boeser, S. ;
Botner, O. ;
Braun, J. ;
Breeder, D. ;
Burgess, T. ;
Carithers, W. ;
Castermans, T. ;
Chen, H. ;
Chirkin, D. ;
Christy, B. ;
Clem, J. ;
Cowen, D. F. ;
D'Agostino, M. V. ;
Danninger, M. ;
Davour, A. ;
Day, C. T. ;
Depaepe, O. ;
De Clercq, C. ;
Demiroers, L. ;
Descamps, F. ;
Desiati, P. ;
de Vries-Uiterweerd, G. ;
DeYoung, T. ;
Diaz-Velez, J. C. .
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, 2009, 601 (03) :294-316