Efficient synthesis of NIR emitting bis [2-(2′-hydroxylphenyl)benzoxazole] derivative and its potential for imaging applications

Unassymetric bis[2-(2'-hydroxyphenylbenzoxole)] bis(HBO) derivatives with a DPA functionality for zinc binding have been developed with an efficient synthetic route, using the retrosynthetic analysis. Comparison of bis(HBO) derivatives with different substitution patterns allows us to verify and optimize their unique fluorescence properties. Upon binding zinc cation, bis(HBO) derivatives give a large fluorescence turn-on in both visible (lambda(em) approximate to 536 nm) and near-infrared (NIR) window (lambda(em) approximate to 746 nm). The probes are readily excitable by a 488 nm laser, making this series of compounds a suitable imaging tool for in vitro and in vivo study on a confocal microscope. The application of zinc binding-induced fluorescence turn-on is successfully demonstrated in cellular environments and thrombus imaging.